prof(1)
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prof Command
display profile data
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SYNTAX
prof [-tcan] [-ox] [-z] [-h] [-s] [-m mdata] [prog]
DESCRIPTION
The prof command interprets a profile file produced by the
monitor(3C) function. The symbol table in the object file prog
(a.out by default) is read and correlated with a profile file
(mon.out by default). For each text symbol the percentage of
time spent executing between the address of that symbol and the
address of the next is printed, together with the number of times
that function was called and the average number of milliseconds
per call.
The mutually exclusive options t, c, a, and n determine the type
of sorting of the output lines:
-t Sort by decreasing percentage of total time (default).
-c Sort by decreasing number of calls.
-a Sort by increasing symbol address.
-n Sort lexically by symbol name.
The mutually exclusive options o and x specify the format (or
base) for printing the address of each symbol monitored:
-o Print each symbol address (in octal) along with the symbol
name.
-x Print each symbol address (in hexadecimal) along with the
symbol name.
The following options may be used in any combination:
-z Include all symbols in the profile range [see monitor(3C)],
even if associated with zero number of calls and zero time.
-h Suppress the heading normally printed on the report. (This
is useful if the report is to be processed further.)
-s Print a summary of several of the monitoring parameters and
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statistics on the standard error output.
-m mdata
Use file mdata instead of mon.out as the input profile file.
A program creates a profile file if has been compiled with the -p
option of cc(1). This option to the cc command arranges for
calls to monitor(3C) at the beginning and end of execution. It
is the call to monitor at the end of execution that causes a
profile file to be written. The number of calls to a function is
tallied if the -p option was used to compile the file containing
the function.
The name of the file created by a profiled program is controlled
by the environment variable PROFDIR. If PROFDIR does not exist,
``mon.out'' is produced in the current directory. If PROFDIR =
string, ``string/pid.progname'' is produced, where progname
consists of argv[0] with any path prefix removed, and pid is the
program's process id. If PROFDIR is the null string, no
profiling output is produced.
A single function may be split into subfunctions for profiling by
means of the MARK macro [see prof(5)].
FILES
mon.out for profile
a.out for namelist
SEE ALSO
cc(1), exit(2), profil(2), monitor(3C), prof(5).
WARNING
The times reported in successive identical runs may show
variances of 20% or more, because of varying cache-hit ratios due
to sharing of the cache with other processes. Even if a program
seems to be the only one using the machine, hidden background or
asynchronous processes may blur the data. In rare cases, the
clock ticks initiating recording of the program counter may
``beat'' with loops in a program, grossly distorting
measurements.
Call counts are always recorded precisely.
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CAVEATS
Only programs that call exit(2) or return from main will cause a
profile file to be produced, unless a final call to monitor is
explicitly coded.
The use of the -p option to cc(1) to invoke profiling imposes a
limit of 600 functions that may have call counters established
during program execution. For more counters you must call
monitor(3C) directly. If this limit is exceeded, other data will
be overwritten and the mon.out file will be corrupted. The
number of call counters used will be reported automatically by
the prof command whenever the number exceeds 5/6 of the maximum.
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