more(1)
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more, page Command
file perusal filter for CRT viewing
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SYNTAX
more [ -cdflsu ] [ -n ] [ +linenumber ] [ +/pattern ] [ name ...
]
page more options
DESCRIPTION
More is a filter that allows you to examine a long text one CRT-
screenful at a time. It pauses after each screenful, printing
--More-- at the bottom of the screen. If the user then types a
carriage return, one more line is displayed. If the user types a
space, another screenful is displayed. Other possibilities are
listed below, after the command line options.
The command line options are:
-n An integer which is the size (in lines) of the window which
more will use instead of the default.
-c More will draw each page by beginning at the top of the
screen and erasing each line just before it draws on it.
This avoids scrolling the screen, making it easier to read
while more is writing. This option will be ignored if the
terminal does not have the ability to clear to the end of a
line.
-d More will prompt the user with the message "Hit space to
continue, Rubout to abort" at the end of each screenful.
This is useful if more is being used as a filter in some
setting, such as a class, where many users may be
unsophisticated.
-f This causes more to count logical lines, rather than screen
lines. That is, long lines are not folded. This option is
recommended for viewing ul(1) output, since it may contain
escape sequences. These escape sequences contain characters
which would ordinarily occupy screen positions, but which do
not print when they are sent to the terminal as part of an
escape sequence. Thus more may think that lines are longer
than they actually are, and fold lines erroneously.
-l Do not treat ^L (form feed) specially. If this option is
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not given, more will pause after any line that contains a
^L, as if the end of a screenful had been reached. Also, if
a file begins with a form feed, the screen will be cleared
before the file is printed.
-s Squeeze multiple blank lines from the output, producing only
one blank line. Especially helpful when viewing formatted
text, this option maximizes the useful information present
on the screen.
-u Normally, more will handle underlining in a manner
appropriate to the particular terminal: if the terminal can
perform underlining or has a stand-out mode, more will
output appropriate escape sequences to enable underlining or
stand-out mode for underlined information in the source
file. The -u option suppresses this processing.
+linenumber
Start up at linenumber.
+/pattern
Start up two lines before the line containing the regular
expression pattern.
If the program is invoked as page, then the screen is cleared
before each screenful is printed (but only if a full screenful is
being printed), and k - 1 rather than k - 2 lines are printed in
each screenful, where k is the number of lines the terminal can
display.
More accesses the terminfo(4) database to determine terminal
characteristics, and to determine the default window size. On a
terminal capable of displaying 24 lines, the default window size
is 22 lines.
More looks in the environment variable MORE to preset any flags
desired. For example, if you prefer to view files using the -c
mode of operation, the csh command setenv MORE -c or the sh
command sequence MORE='-c' ; export MORE would cause all
invocations of more to use this mode. Normally, the user will
place the command sequence which sets up the MORE environment
variable in the .login or .profile file (see profile(4)).
If more is reading from a file, rather than a pipe, then a
percentage is displayed along with the --More-- prompt. This
gives the fraction of the file (in characters, not lines) that
has been read so far.
Other sequences that may be typed when more pauses, and their
effects, are as follows (i is an optional integer argument,
defaulting to 1 unless otherwise noted):
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i<space> display i more lines, or another screenful if no
argument is given
i^D display i more lines (a ``scroll''). If i is given, then the
scroll size is set to i. Otherwise, the default is to scroll 11
lines.
d same as ^D
iz same as typing a space except that i, if present, becomes the
new window size.
is skip i lines and print a screenful of lines
if skip i screenfuls and print a screenful of lines
q or Q
Exit from more.
= Display the current line number.
v Start up the editor vi(1) at the current line. This command
works only when the input is a file, not a pipe.
h Help command; give a description of all the more commands.
i/expr
search for the i-th occurrence of the regular expression
expr. If the search is successful a screenful is displayed,
starting two lines before the place where the expression was
found. Otherwise, if the input is a file, the position in
the file remains unchanged; if the input is a pipe, more
terminates. The user's erase and kill characters may be
used to edit the regular expression. Erasing back past the
first column cancels the search command.
in search for the i-th occurrence of the last regular
expression entered.
' (single quote) Go to the point from which the last search
started. If no search has been performed in the current
file, this command goes back to the beginning of the file.
This command works only when the input is a file, not a
pipe.
!command
invoke a shell and execute command. The characters `%' and
`!' in "command" are replaced with the current file name and
the previous shell command respectively. If there is no
current file name, `%' is not expanded. The sequences "\%"
and "\!" are replaced by "%" and "!" respectively.
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i:n skip to the i-th next file given in the command line. If i
doesn't make sense, skip to the last file.
i:p skip to the i-th previous file given in the command line.
If this command is given in the middle of printing out a
file, then more counts the current file when doing the
skipping . If i doesn't make sense, more skips back to the
first file. If more is not reading from a file, the
terminal bell is rung and nothing else happens.
:f display the current file name and line number.
:q or :Q
exit from more (same as q or Q).
. (dot) repeat the previous command.
The commands take effect immediately, i.e., it is not necessary
to type a carriage return. Up to the time when the command
character itself is given, the user may type the line kill
character to cancel the numerical argument being formed. In
addition, the user may type the erase character to redisplay the
--More--(xx%) message.
At any time when output is being sent to the terminal, the user
can type the quit character (normally control-\) to interrupt the
display. More will stop sending output, and will display the
usual --More-- prompt. The user may then enter one of the above
commands in the normal manner. Unfortunately, some output is
lost when this is done, due to the fact that any characters
waiting in the terminal's output queue are flushed when the quit
signal occurs.
The terminal is set to noecho mode by this program so that the
output can be continuous. What you type will thus not show on
your terminal, except for the / and ! commands.
If the standard output is not a tty device then more acts just
like cat, except that a header is printed before each file if
there is more than one.
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EXAMPLES
$ more textfile
Display the contents of the file "textfile" using the more
processor. This allows for display of the file "textfile" on a
screen by screen basis.
$ man more | more -f
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Prints the manual page for the more command and pipes the output
to the more processor. This allows for display of the more
documentation on a screen by screen basis. The -f option ensures
that more will display the output of the man(1) command
correctly, since man generates escape sequences.
$ ls -l | more
Display all information about the files in the current working
directory and pipes the output to the more processor. This
allows for display of the directory listing on a screen by screen
basis.
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FILES
/usr/lib/terminfo/?/* Terminal data base
/usr/lib/more.help Help file
SEE ALSO
pg(1), cat(1), sh(1), csh(1), ul(1).
environ(5), term(5), profile(4) in the Programmer's Reference for
the DG/UX System.
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