DECwindows (calc) — VMS 5.4
Additional information available:
About
=TITLE About =TITLE About the Calculator =INCLUDE Overview DECwindows Calculator Software Version: VMS Version 5.4 © 1988, 1989, 1990 by Digital Equipment Corporation. All rights reserved. For more information about Calculator, double click on Overview of the Calculator from the additional topics below.
Additional information available:
Trademark
=TITLE Trademark
=TITLE Additional Trademark and Product Information
=INCLUDE Overview
The information herein is subject to change without
notice and should not be construed as a commitment
by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital Equipment
Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors
that may appear in this document.
The software described here is furnished under a
license and may be used or copied only in accordance
with the terms of such license.
No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability
of software on equipment that is not supplied by
Digital Equipment Corporation or its affiliated
companies.
Restricted Rights: Use, duplication, or disclosure by
the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set
forth in subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in
Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS
252.227-7013.
The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment
Corporation:
CDA MASSBUS VAX
DDIF PrintServer 40 VAXcluster
DEC Q-bus VAX RMS
DECnet ReGIS VAXstation
DECUS ULTRIX VMS
DECwindows ULTRIX-11 VT
DIGITAL ULTRIX-32 XUI
LN03 UNIBUS ULTRIX Worksystem Software
PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems,
Inc.
Overview
=TITLE Overview =TITLE Overview of the Calculator =INCLUDE Overview Entering_keybo kbspec_func_keys =INCLUDE Overview Entering_keybo mem_func_keys =KEYWORD Overview Calculator performs arithmetic functions including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Calculator also calculates percentages and square roots, performs trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions, and determines logarithmic calculations. Calculator has three modes: Decimal, Hexadecimal, and Octal. Each mode contains it's own unique keypad and special function bindings. Unlike handheld calculators, the online calculator has two displays. The top display is the accumulator and the bottom display is the memory. Enter data by moving the pointer to a button in the Calculator display and clicking MB1 on or by typing at the keyboard. If you type at the keyboard, you can use the number keys on the keyboard or the number keys on the keypad. For information about using the Calculator, double click on an item from the list of additional topics below. For information about using help, choose Help from the Help menu above.
Additional information available:
DECBasicsPerforming Arithdecimal keypadhexadecimal keypad
octal keypadEntering keyboEntering KeypdSpecial funcsquare roots
percentagesclear displayUsing MemoryUndoingCopying Number from
Copying Equation fromCopying Number ToEndingMenus
DECBasics
=TITLE DECBasics
=TITLE DECwindows Basics
=INCLUDE Overview
=KEYWORD Basics
Information about using DECwindows, such as how to use
windows, dialog boxes, and scroll bars, is available
from Session Manager help. A glossary of DECwindows
terms is also available. To get Session Manager help:
1. Move the pointer to the Session Manager icon (the
icon with your user name and the name of your
system) in the Icon Box.
2. Press mouse button 1 (MB1) twice quickly to display
the Session Manager window.
3. Move the pointer to the Help menu; press and hold
MB1 to pull down this menu.
4. Move the pointer to the Overview menu item and
release MB1 to display information about using
DECwindows.
Performing Arith
=TITLE Performing_Arith
=TITLE Performing Arithmetic Functions
=INCLUDE Overview decimal_keypad
=INCLUDE Overview hexadecimal_keypad
=INCLUDE Overview octal_keypad
=INCLUDE overview entering_keybo
=INCLUDE overview square_roots
=INCLUDE overview percentages
=INCLUDE overview clear_display
=INCLUDE overview using_memory
=INCLUDE overview undoing
=INCLUDE overview copying_number_from
=INCLUDE overview copying_number_to
=INCLUDE overview Ending
=INCLUDE overview menus
=KEYWORD Functions Addition Multiplication Subtraction Division
Perform arithmetic functions on the Calculator just as
you would on a handheld calculator:
1. Enter the first operand. It appears in the
accumulator.
2. Enter the function you want to perform. The
functions are addition (+), subtraction (-),
multiplication (*), and division (/).
3. Enter the second operand. It appears in the
accumulator.
4. Enter the equal sign (=). The result appears in the
accumulator.
decimal keypad
=TITLE decimal_keypad =TITLE Decimal Keypad and Special Function Bindings =INCLUDE Overview hexadecimal_keypad =INCLUDE Overview octal_keypad =INCLUDE Overview Performing_Arith =KEYWORD Decimal Keypad Functions The standard decimal keypad and special function bindings are outlined in the table that follows: Display Button Keyboard Key deg F11 or D keys rad F11 or D keys grad F11 or D keys x! F12 or ! keys 1/x F13 or ~ keys Rnd F14 or R keys Inv F3 or I keys sin F4 or S keys cos F5 or O keys tan F6 or T keys log F7 key, or L key followed by the O key ln F8 key, or L key followed by the N key Square Root F9 or Q keys Y^x F10 or ^ keys PI P key
hexadecimal keypad
=TITLE hexadecimal_keypad =TITLE Hexadecimal Keypad and Special Function Bindings =INCLUDE Overview decimal_keypad =INCLUDE Overview octal_keypad =INCLUDE Overview Performing_Arith =KEYWORD Hexadecimal Keypad Functions The hexadecimal keypad and special function bindings are outlined in the table that follows: Display Button Keyboard Key and F11 or & keys or F12 or keys xor F13 or ^ keys nor F14 key A F3 or A keys B F4 or B keys C F5 or C keys D F6 or D keys E F7 or E keys F F8 or F keys not F9 or ~ keys neg F10 or ! keys
octal keypad
=TITLE octal_keypad =TITLE Octal Keypad and Special Function Bindings =INCLUDE Overview decimal_keypad =INCLUDE Overview hexadecimal_keypad =INCLUDE Overview Performing_Arith =KEYWORD Octal Keypad Functions The octal keypad and special function bindings are outlined in the table that follows: Display Button Keyboard Key and F11 or keys or F12 or | keys xor F13 or ^ keys nor F14 key not F9 or ~ keys neg F10 or ! keys
Entering keybo
=TITLE Entering_keybo =TITLE Entering Data from the Keyboard =INCLUDE overview performing_arith =INCLUDE overview square_roots =INCLUDE overview percentages =INCLUDE overview clear_display =INCLUDE overview using_memory =INCLUDE overview undoing =INCLUDE overview copying_number_from =INCLUDE overview copying_number_to =INCLUDE overview Ending =INCLUDE overview menus =INCLUDE Overview Entering_keybo kbspec_func_keys =INCLUDE Overview Entering_keybo mem_func_keys =KEYWORD Entering Keyboard You can enter data by clicking MB1 on the Calculator display buttons or by typing at the keyboard. The Calculator display is divided into three general display areas: general functions, special functions, and memory functions. The following table indicates the keyboard keys that correspond to the Calculator general function display buttons. Display Button Keyboard Key 0 to 9 Same key on the keyboard +,-,*,/,.,% Same key on the keyboard = Return, Do, or = keys on the keyboard C F1 or C keys CE F2 or E keys +/- N key For information about the special and memory functions, double click on an item from the list of additional topics below.
Additional information available:
Kbspec func keys
=TITLE Kbspec_func_keys =TITLE Keyboard Special Function Keys =INCLUDE Overview Entering_keybo mem_func_keys =KEYWORD Functions The following table indicates the keyboard keys that correspond to the Calculator special function display buttons. Display Button Keyboard Key deg F11 or D keys rad F11 or D keys grad F11 or D keys x! F12 or ! keys 1/x F13 or ~ keys Rnd F14 or R keys Inv F3 or I keys sin F4 or S keys cos F5 or O keys tan F6 or T keys log F7 key, or L key followed by the O key ln F8 key, or L key followed by the N key Square Root F9 or Q keys Y^x F10 or ^ keys PI P key
mem func keys
=TITLE mem_func_keys =TITLE Keyboard Memory Function Keys =INCLUDE Overview Entering_keybo kbspec_func_keys =KEYWORD Memory Functions The following table indicates the keyboard keys that correspond to the Calculator memory function display buttons. Display Button Keyboard Key MC F17 key, or M key followed by the C key MR F18 key, or M key followed by the R key M+ F19 key, or M key followed by the + key M- F20 key, or M key followed by the - key
Entering Keypd
=TITLE Entering_Keypd =TITLE Entering Data from the Keypad =INCLUDE overview performing_arith =INCLUDE overview square_roots =INCLUDE overview percentages =INCLUDE overview clear_display =INCLUDE overview using_memory =INCLUDE overview undoing =INCLUDE overview copying_number_from =INCLUDE overview copying_number_to =INCLUDE overview Ending =INCLUDE overview menus =KEYWORD Entering Keypad Keys You can enter data by clicking MB1 on the Calculator display buttons or by typing at the keypad. The following table indicates the keypad keys that correspond to the Calculator display buttons. Display Button Keypad Key 0 to 9 Same key on the keypad + , - - = Enter . . * PF1 / PF2 +/- PF3 % PF4
Special func
=TITLE Special_func
=TITLE Performing Special Functions
=INCLUDE overview performing_arith
=INCLUDE overview square_roots
=INCLUDE overview percentages
=INCLUDE overview clear_display
=INCLUDE overview using_memory
=INCLUDE overview undoing
=INCLUDE overview copying_number_from
=INCLUDE overview copying_number_to
=INCLUDE overview Ending
=INCLUDE overview menus
=INCLUDE Overview Entering_keybo kbspec_func_keys
=INCLUDE Overview Entering_keybo mem_func_keys
=KEYWORD Keypad Keys Functions
Calculator performs special functions including
trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions.
The special functions keys are as follows:
Key Description
deg Degree key. Selects the units for angular
measurement. By default, Calculator is in the
degree mode. Clicking on the <deg> key once
places Calculator in the radian mode, which is
indicated by the key label changing to "rad."
Clicking on the key again places Calculator
in gradian mode, which is indicated by the key
label changing to "grad." The angular mode has
no effect on Calculator unless the trigonometric
functions are being used.
x! Factorial key. Calculates the factorial
(x)(x- 1)(x -2)...(1) of the value x in the
display for integers.
1/x Reciprocal key. Divides the displayed value x
into 1. for x!=0.
Rnd Random number generator key. Generates a random
number between 1 and the integer of the display.
It does not generate negative numbers or numbers
less than 1.
Inv Inversion key. By default, Calculator performs
noninverted trigonometric functions. When you
activate the inversion key by clicking on
it (which is indicated by the key becoming
darkened), Calculator performs inverted
trigonometric functions.
sin Sine key. Instructs Calculator to find the sine
of the displayed value.
cos Cosine key. Instructs Calculator to find the
cosine of the displayed value.
tan Instructs Calculator to find the tangent of the
displayed value.
log Common logarithm key. Calculates the common
logarithm (base 10) of the number x in the
display for x > 0.
ln Natural logarithm key. Calculates the natural
logarithm (base e) of the number x in the
display for x > 0.
square Square root key. Calculates the square root of
root the number x in the display. The x value cannot
be negative.
y^x y to the xth power key. Raises the displayed
value y to the xth power. Order of entry is y
<y^x> x. The y value cannot be negative, but
both x and y can be fractional.
and Logical and
or Logical or.
xor Logical xor.
nor Logical nor.
not Logical not.
neg Logical neg.
square roots
=TITLE square_roots =TITLE Calculating Square Roots =INCLUDE overview entering_keybo =INCLUDE overview performing_arith =INCLUDE overview percentages =INCLUDE overview clear_display =INCLUDE overview using_memory =INCLUDE overview undoing =INCLUDE overview copying_number_from =INCLUDE overview copying_number_to =INCLUDE overview Ending =INCLUDE overview menus =KEYWORD Square_Root To calculate the square root of a number, enter the number and click on the square root button.
percentages
=TITLE percentages
=TITLE Calculating Percentages
=INCLUDE overview entering_keybo
=INCLUDE overview performing_arith
=INCLUDE overview square_roots
=INCLUDE overview clear_display
=INCLUDE overview using_memory
=INCLUDE overview undoing
=INCLUDE overview copying_number_from
=INCLUDE overview copying_number_to
=INCLUDE overview Ending
=INCLUDE overview menus
=KEYWORD Percentage
Use the multiplication (*) function and the percentage
(%) function to calculate percentages. For example, to
determine the number that is 45 percent of 250, follow
these steps:
1. Enter 250. The number 250 appears in the
accumulator.
2. Enter *.
3. Enter 45. The number 45 appears in the accumulator.
4. Enter %. The result, 112.5, appears in the
accumulator.
clear display
=TITLE clear_display
=TITLE Clearing the Displays
=INCLUDE overview entering_keybo
=INCLUDE overview performing_arith
=INCLUDE overview square_roots
=INCLUDE overview percentages
=INCLUDE overview using_memory
=INCLUDE overview undoing
=INCLUDE overview copying_number_from
=INCLUDE overview copying_number_to
=INCLUDE overview Ending
=INCLUDE overview menus
=KEYWORD Clearing Erasing
The following table explains the buttons that clear the
displays:
Button Function
C Clears the accumulator display
CE Clears the last operand entered in the
accumulator display
MC Clears the memory display
If you have not pressed a function key, use the Delete
key to erase one digit at a time in the accumulator,
beginning with the last digit you entered.
Using Memory
=TITLE Using_Memory
=TITLE Using Memory
=INCLUDE overview entering_keybo
=INCLUDE overview performing_arith
=INCLUDE overview square_roots
=INCLUDE overview percentages
=INCLUDE overview clear_display
=INCLUDE overview undoing
=INCLUDE overview copying_number_from
=INCLUDE overview copying_number_to
=INCLUDE overview Ending
=INCLUDE overview menus
=KEYWORD Memory
Use the memory display to store a number that you will
use more than once in your calculations. Recall the
number from memory when you need to use it again.
The following table explains the memory buttons:
Memory Button Function
------------- --------
M+ Adds the contents of the
accumulator to memory
M- Subtracts the contents of the
accumulator from memory
MR Recalls data from memory and
places it in the accumulator
MC Clears the memory display
Undoing
=TITLE Undoing =TITLE Undoing the Most Recently Performed Function =INCLUDE overview entering_keybo =INCLUDE overview performing_arith =INCLUDE overview square_roots =INCLUDE overview percentages =INCLUDE overview clear_display =INCLUDE overview using_memory =INCLUDE overview copying_number_from =INCLUDE overview copying_number_to =INCLUDE overview Ending =INCLUDE overview menus =KEYWORD Undoing Choose Undo from the Edit menu to cancel the most recently performed keystroke or operation. If you choose Undo again before entering new data, Calculator performs the function that you previously canceled. For example, if you just entered the equal sign (=), choosing Undo removes the result from the accumulator and places the last operand you entered into the accumulator. If you choose Undo again, the calculator performs the operation again and places the result in the accumulator.
Copying Number from
=TITLE Copying_Number_from
=TITLE Copying Numbers from Other Applications
=INCLUDE overview entering_keybo
=INCLUDE overview performing_arith
=INCLUDE overview square_roots
=INCLUDE overview percentages
=INCLUDE overview clear_display
=INCLUDE overview using_memory
=INCLUDE overview undoing
=INCLUDE overview copying_number_to
=INCLUDE overview Ending
=INCLUDE overview menus
=KEYWORD Copying
You can copy a number from another application and
paste it into Calculator's accumulator.
To copy a number from another application and to
display the result of the number in the accumulator:
1. Select the number to copy.
2. Choose Copy from the application's Edit menu to copy
the highlighted information.
3. Choose Paste from the Edit menu of the calculator to
enter the result of the number to the accumulator.
Copying Equation from
=TITLE Copying_Equation_from
=TITLE Copying Equations from Other Applications
=INCLUDE overview entering_keybo
=INCLUDE overview performing_arith
=INCLUDE overview square_roots
=INCLUDE overview percentages
=INCLUDE overview clear_display
=INCLUDE overview using_memory
=INCLUDE overview undoing
=INCLUDE overview copying_number_to
=INCLUDE overview Ending
=INCLUDE overview menus
=KEYWORD Copying
You can copy an equation, if it contains no variables,
from another application and paste the answer into
Calculator's accumulator.
To copy an equation from another application and to
display the result of the equation in the accumulator:
1. Select the equation to copy.
2. Choose Copy from the application's Edit menu to copy
the highlighted information.
3. Choose Paste from the Edit menu of the calculator to
enter the result of the equation to the accumulator.
Copying Number To
=TITLE Copying_Number_To
=TITLE Copying Numbers to Other Applications
=INCLUDE overview entering_keybo
=INCLUDE overview performing_arith
=INCLUDE overview square_roots
=INCLUDE overview percentages
=INCLUDE overview clear_display
=INCLUDE overview using_memory
=INCLUDE overview undoing
=INCLUDE overview copying_number_from
=INCLUDE overview Ending
=INCLUDE overview menus
=KEYWORD Copying
You can copy a number from Calculator's accumulator or
memory to another application as follows:
1. Click on either the accumulator or memory to
highlight the number.
2. Choose Copy from the Edit menu to copy the
highlighted number. You can paste the number in
another application window.
Ending
=TITLE Ending =TITLE Quiting a Calculator Session =INCLUDE overview entering_keybo =INCLUDE overview performing_arith =INCLUDE overview square_roots =INCLUDE overview percentages =INCLUDE overview clear_display =INCLUDE overview using_memory =INCLUDE overview undoing =INCLUDE overview copying_number_from =INCLUDE overview copying_number_to =INCLUDE overview copying_equation_from =INCLUDE overview menus =KEYWORD Quiting To end a calculator session, choose Quit from the File menu.
Menus
=TITLE Menus =TITLE Calculator Menus =KEYWORD Menus Calculator contains the following four menus: - File - Edit - Mode - Help
Additional information available:
File menuedit menuMode menuhelp menu
File menu
=TITLE File_menu =TITLE The File Menu =INCLUDE overview menus edit_menu =INCLUDE overview menus help_menu =INCLUDE overview menus mode_menu =INCLUDE overview Ending =KEYWORD Menus The File menu contains the following menu items: - Save Geometry - Use System Defaults - Quit
Additional information available:
file savesetfile restsetfile quit
file saveset
=TITLE file_saveset =TITLE Save Geometry =KEYWORD Saving Choose Save Geometry when you make changes to the Calculator display and you want to save the new settings permanently.
file restset
=TITLE file_restset =TITLE Use System Defaults =KEYWORD Restoring Defaults Choose Use System Defaults when you want to restore the DECwindows Calculator default display setttings. Any previouis changes you made will no longer take effect.
file quit
=TITLE file_quit =TITLE Quit =KEYWORD Quiting Choose Quit to end a calculator session.
edit menu
=TITLE edit_menu =TITLE The Edit Menu =INCLUDE overview menus file_menu =INCLUDE overview menus help_menu =INCLUDE overview menus mode_menu =INCLUDE overview undoing =INCLUDE overview copying_number_from =INCLUDE overview copying_number_to =KEYWORD Editing The Edit menu allows you to undo Calculator operations, copy numbers from the calculator to other applications, and paste numbers or equations that have no variables from other applications into the calculator's accumulator. The Edit menu contains the following menu items: - Undo - Copy - Paste
Additional information available:
undo
=TITLE undo =TITLE Undo =KEYWORD Undoing Choose Undo to cancel the most recently performed function. If you choose Undo again before entering new data, Calculator performs the function that you previously canceled. For example, if you just entered the equal sign (=), choosing Undo removes the result from the accumulator and places the last operand you entered into the accumulator. If you choose Undo again, the calculator performs the addition again and places the result in the accumulator.
copy
=TITLE copy
=TITLE Copy
=KEYWORD Copying
Choose Copy to copy a number from Calculator's
accumulator or memory to another application, as
follows:
1. Click on either the accumulator or memory to
highlight the number.
2. Choose Copy from the Edit menu to copy the
highlighted number. You can paste the number in
another application window.
paste
=TITLE paste
=TITLE Paste
=KEYWORD Pasting
Choose Paste to paste a number or an equation that
contains no variables from another application into
Calculator's accumulator. To copy an equation or number
from another application and to display the result of
the equation or the number in the accumulator:
1. Select the equation or number to copy.
2. Choose Copy from the application's Edit menu to copy
the highlighted information.
3. Choose Paste to enter the result of the equation or
the number to the accumulator.
Mode menu
=TITLE Mode_menu
=TITLE The Mode Menu
=INCLUDE overview menus file_menu
=INCLUDE overview menus edit_menu
=INCLUDE overview menus help_menu
=INCLUDE overview Ending
=KEYWORD Menus
Calculator contains three calculation modes: Decimal,
Hexadecimal, and Octal. Each calculator mode contains
it's own display.
To select a calculator mode:
- Move the pointer to the Mode menu.
- Press and hold down MB1. A pulldown menu is
displayed.
- Drag the pointer down the menu and choose the
calculator mode you want.
- Release MB1.
help menu
=TITLE help_menu =TITLE The Help Menu =INCLUDE Overview =INCLUDE About =INCLUDE overview menus edit_menu =INCLUDE overview menus file_menu =KEYWORD Menus The Help menu allows you to display help for Calculator. It contains two menu items, Overview and About.
Additional information available:
Help overview
=TITLE Help_overview =TITLE Overview Menu Item Choose Overview to display the overview of Calculator and to access additional help for the calculator.
Help about
=TITLE Help_about =TITLE About Menu Item Choose About to display copyright information for Calculator.