Name

cc − C compiler

Syntax

cc [options...] file... 

Description

The cc command invokes the ULTRIX C compiler and accepts the following types of arguments:

•Arguments whose names end with .c

•Arguments whose names end with .s

•Other arguments that are interpreted as either loader option arguments or
C-compatible object programs

Arguments ending in .c are interpreted as C source programs. They are compiled, and each object program is left on a file whose name is the same as the source file except .o is substituted for .c.  If a single C program is compiled and loaded all at once, the .o file is deleted. 

Arguments ending with .s are interpreted as assembly source programs.  They are assembled, producing an .o file. 

Arguments other than those ending with .c or .s were produced by previous cc runs or by libraries of C-compatible routines.

The first argument passed to the ld() loader is always one of the three crt0 files used for start up.  The compiler uses /lib/mcrt0.o when the −p flag is given, /usr/lib/gcrt0.o when the −pg is given, and /lib/crt0.o otherwise.  If loading executables by hand, you must include the appropriate file.

Options

These options are accepted by cc. See ld() for load-time options.

−b Does not pass −lc to ld() by default.

−Bstring Finds substitute compiler passes in the files named string with the suffixes cpp, ccom, and c2. 

−bswitch Instructs the compiler to use discrete tests for switch case statements rather than casel instructions. 

−c Suppresses the loading phase of the compilation and forces an object file to be produced even if only one program is compiled. 

−C Stops the macro preprocessor from omitting comments. 

−Dname=def

−Dname Defines the name to the processor, as if by #define.  If no definition is given, the name is defined as 1. 

−E Runs only the macro preprocessor on the named C programs and sends the result to the standard output. 

−Em Runs only the macro preprocessor on the named C programs and produces the makefile dependencies. 

−fSpecifies that computations involving only FFLOAT numbers be done in single precision and not promoted to double.  Procedure arguments are still promoted to double.  Programs with a large number of single-precision computations will run faster with this option; however, a slight loss in precision may result due to the saving of intermediate results in a single-precision representation. 

−gDirects the compiler to produce additional symbol table information for dbx(.). Also passes the −lg flag to ld(.).

−Idir Searches first in the directory of the dir argument for #include files whose names do not begin with a slash (/), then in directories named in −I options, and, finally, in directories on a standard list. 

−J Uses long branches to resolve jumps when byte-displacement branches are insufficient.  This must be used when a compiler-generated assembly contains branches of more than 32k bytes. 

−lx Abbreviates the library name /lib/libx.a, where x is a string.  If that library name does not exist, ld searches /usr/lib/libx.a and then /usr/local/lib/libx.a.  The placement of the −l library option is significant because a library is searched when its name is encountered. 

−M Specifies the floating point type to be used for double-precision floating point and is passed on to ld() as the map option.

−Md Specifies the default DFLOAT and passes the −lc flag to ld(.).

−Mg Specifies GFLOAT and passes the −lcg flag to ld(,), causing the GFLOAT version of libc to be used.  If the math library is used with code compiled with the −Mg flag, it is linked to the GFLOAT version by specifying −lmg on the cc() or ld() command.

−o output Names the final output file output.  If this option is used, the file a.out is left alone.  If the named file has either .o or .a as a suffix, the following error message is displayed: -o would overwrite. 

−OUses the object code optimizer. 

−p Arranges for the compiler to produce code which counts the number of times each routine is called.  If loading takes place, the −p option replaces the standard startup routine with one that automatically calls monitor() and that arranges to write out a mon.out file at normal termination of execution of the object program. An execution profile can then be generated using prof(.).

−pg Causes the compiler to produce counting code as with −p, but invokes a run-time recorder that keeps more extensive statistics and produces a gmon.out file. Also, the −pg option searches a profiling library in lieu of the standard C library.  An execution profile can then be generated by using gprof(.).

−R Passed on to as, which makes initialized variables shared and read-only. 

−S Compiles programs and writes output to .s files. 

−t [p02al] Finds the designated compiler passes in the files whose names are constructed by a −B option.  In the absence of a −B option, the string is taken to be /usr/c/. 

−Uname Removes any initial definition of name. 

−w Suppresses warning diagnostics. 

−Yenvironment Compiles C programs for environment.  If environment is SYSTEM_FIVE or is omitted, it defines SYSTEM_FIVE for the preprocessor, cpp. If the loader is invoked, it specifies that the System V version of the C runtime library is used.  Also, if the math library is specified with the −lm option, the System V version is used.  If environment is POSIX, it defines POSIX for the preprocessor.  If the environment variable PROG_ENV has the value SYSTEM_FIVE or POSIX, the effect is the same as when specifying the corresponding −Yenvironment option to cc. The -Y option overrides the PROG_ENV variable; -YBSD can be used to override all special actions. 

Default Symbols

The ULTRIX C compiler provides the following default symbols for your use.  These symbols are useful in ifdef statements to isolate code for one of the particular cases.  Thus, these symbols can be useful for ensuring portable code. 

unixAny UNIX system
bsd4_2Berkeley UNIX Version 4.2
ultrixULTRIX only
vaxVAX only (as opposed to PDP-11)

Restrictions

The compiler ignores advice to put char, unsigned char, short or unsigned short variables in registers. 

If the −Mg flag is used to produce GFLOAT code, it must be used when compiling all the modules which are to be linked.  Use the −Mg flag if you use the cc command to invoke ld() indirectly to link the modules.  If ld() is invoked directly, use the −lcg flag rather than −lc.  If the math library is used, specify the −lmg flag rather than the −lm flag in order to use the GFLOAT version. 

The compiler and the linker ld() cannot detect the use of mixed double floating point types.  If you use them, your program’s results may be erroneous.

Diagnostics

The diagnostics produced by C are intended to be self-explanatory.  Occasional messages may be produced by the assembler or loader. 

Files

file.c input file

file.o object file

a.out loaded output

/tmp/ctm? temporary

/lib/cpp preprocessor

/lib/ccom compiler

/lib/c2 optional optimizer

/lib/crt0.o runtime startoff

/lib/mcrt0.o startoff for profiling

/usr/lib/gcrt0.o
startoff for gprof-profiling

/lib/libc.a standard library, see intro(3)

/usr/libcg.a GFLOAT version of the standard library, see intro(3)

/usr/lib/libc_p.a
profiling library, see intro(3)

/usr/include standard directory for #include files

mon.out file produced for analysis by prof(1)

gmon.out file produced for analysis by gprof(1)

See Also

adb(1), as(1), cpp(1), dbx(1), error(1), gprof(1), ld(1), prof(1), monitor(3)