intro(1)
NAME
intro − introduction to commands
DESCRIPTION
This section describes publicly accessible commands in alphabetic order. Certain distinctions of purpose are made in the headings:
(1) General utility commands.
(1c) Commands for communication with other systems.
(1d) DECnet ULTRIX commands.
(1g) Graphics and plotting commands.
| User | Manual | |
| Commands | Description | Page |
| adb | C program debugger | adb(1) |
| admin | Administer SCCS files | admin(1) |
| apropos | Display command title references | apropos(1) |
| ar | Library archiver | ar(1) |
| as | ULTRIX assembler | as(1) |
| at | Delayed command execution | at(1) |
| awk | Pattern processor | awk(1) |
| basename | Strip directory prefixes | basename(1) |
| bc | Arithmetic processor | bc(1) |
| bdiff | Big diff | bdiff(1) |
| bfs | Big file scanner | bfs(1) |
| binmail | Send or receive mail | binmail(1) |
| cal | Print calendar | cal(1) |
| calendar | Reminder service | calendar(1) |
| cat | Concatenate data | cat(1) |
| cb | C program beautifier | cb(1) |
| cc | C compiler | cc(1) |
| cd | Change working directory | cd(1) |
| cdc | Change SCCS delta commentary | cdc(1) |
| checkeq | Check eqn codes | eqn(1) |
| checkmm | Check mm macro codes | mm(1) |
| chfn | Change finger entry | chfn(1) |
| chgrp | Change file group | chown(1) |
| chmod | Change file mode | chmod(1) |
| chog | Change file owner and group | chog(1) |
| chown | Change file owner | chown(1) |
| chroot | Change root directory | chroot(1) |
| chsh | Change login shell | chsh(1) |
| clear | Clear terminal screen | clear(1) |
| clr | Clear terminal screen | clear(1) |
| cmp | Compare file delta | cmp(1) |
| col | Filter reverse line feeds | col(1) |
| comb | Combine SCCS deltas | comb(1) |
| comm | Compare sorted file data | comm(1) |
| cp | Copy file data | cp(1) |
| cpio | Copy file archives | cpio(1) |
| csh | C-shell command interpreter | csh(1) |
| csplit | Context split | csplit(1) |
| ctags | Create tags file | ctags(1) |
| ctc | Prepare C progam for execution trace | ctrace(1) |
| ctcr | Prepare and trace C program execution | ctrace(1) |
| ctrace | Trace C program execution | ctrace(1) |
| cu | Connect to remote system | tip(1c) |
| cu_v7 | Call UNIX | cu_v7(1c) |
| cu_v7m | Call UNIX | cu_v7m(1c) |
| custat_v7m | Call UNIX | cu_v7m(1c) |
| cut | Cut out file data | cut(1) |
| date | Print date | date(1) |
| dc | Desktop calculator | dc(1) |
| dcat | Type DECnet files to stdout dcat | dcat(1d) |
| dcp | DECnet file tranfer | dcp(1d) |
| dd | Convert and copy file | dd(1) |
| delta | Make SCCS delta | delta(1) |
| deroff | Remove text formatting codes | deroff(1) |
| diff | Differential file comparator | diff(1) |
| diff3 | 3-way differential file comparator | diff3(1) |
| dlogin | Remote login to DECnet host | dlogin(1d) |
| dls | List contents of DECnet directory | dls(1d) |
| drm | Remove remote DECnet files | drm(1d) |
| du | Display disk usage | du(1) |
| echo | Echo arguments | echo(1) |
| ed | Line-oriented text editor | ed(1) |
| ed_v7 | Line-oriented text editor | ed_v7(1) |
| edit | Screen display text editor | ex(1) |
| egrep | Scan for extended pattern | grep(1) |
| eqn | Format mathematics | eqn(1) |
| error | Analyze and disperse compiler error messages | error(1) |
| ex | Screen display text editor | ex(1) |
| expand | Expand tabs and spaces | expand(1) |
| expr | Evaluate expressions | expr(1) |
| f | Display information | finger(1) |
| f77 | Fortran 77 compiler | f77(1) |
| factor | Factor numbers | factor(1) |
| false | Force unsuccessful condition | true(1) |
| fgrep | Scan for fixed pattern | grep(1) |
| file | Determine file type | file(1) |
| find | Find files | find(1) |
| finger | Display information | finger(1) |
| fmt | Simple text formatter | fmt(1) |
| from | Display whom mail is from | from(1) |
| ftp | File transfer program | ftp(1c) |
| get | Get SCCS file | get(1) |
| getopt | Parse command options | getopt(1) |
| graph | Draw graph | graph(1g) |
| greek | Terminal filter | greek(1) |
| grep | Search a file for a pattern | grep(1) |
| help | Display on-line help | help(1) |
| hostid | Display hexadecimal host identifier | hostid(1) |
| hostname | Display system name | hostname(1) |
| ipcrm | Remove message queue | ipcrm(1) |
| ipcs | Display IPC status | ipcs(1) |
| join | Join file data | join(1) |
| kill | Send signals | kill(1) |
| l11 | Macro-11 loader for UNIX | l11(1) |
| last | Dislay last user logins | last(1) |
| ld | C program loader | ld(1) |
| learn | Computer aided instruction | learn(1) |
| lex | Generate lexical analysis | lex(1) |
| line | Read one line from stdin | line(1) |
| lint | C program verifier | lint(1) |
| ln | Make link | ln(1) |
| login | Log in to system | login(1) |
| look | Find lines in sorted data | look(1) |
| lookbib | Look up bibliographic references | refer(1) |
| lorder | Find ordering relation for an object library | lorder(1) |
| lpq | Display printer queue | lpq(1) |
| lpr | Line printer spooler | lpr(1) |
| lprm | Delete jobs from printer queue | lprm(1) |
| ls | List directory contents | ls(1) |
| ltf | Labeled tape facility | ltf(1) |
| m11 | Macro-ll assembler | m11(1) |
| m4 | Macro preprocessor | m4(1) |
| Send or receive mail | mail(1) | |
| make | Maintain program groups | make(1) |
| man | Display manual pages | man(1) |
| mesg | Permit or deny messages | mesg(1) |
| mdtar | Multivolume tape archiver | tar(1) |
| mkdir | Make directory | mkdir(1) |
| mkstr | Create error message file | mkstr(1) |
| mm | Print files using mm macro set | mm(1) |
| mmt | Typeset text using mm macro set | mmt(1) |
| more | Display data at terminal | more(1) |
| mt | Manipulate magnetic tape | mt(1) |
| mv | Move or rename files and directories | mv(1) |
| mvt | Create view graphs and slides with mm macro set | mmt(1) |
| neqn | Display mathematics on terminal | eqn(1) |
| netstat | Display network status | netstat(1) |
| newgrp | Change current group ID | newgrp(1) |
| nice | Execute command at low priority | nice(1) |
| nl | Line numbering filter | nl(1) |
| nm | Display program name list | nm(1) |
| nohup | Execute command and ignore hangups | nice(1) |
| nroff | Format text | troff(1) |
| od | Octal dump | od(1) |
| osdd | Print/check documents formatted with mm macro | mm(1) |
| pack | Compact file data | pack(1) |
| page | Display data at terminal | more(1) |
| passwd | Change login password | passwd(1) |
| paste | Merge file data | paste(1) |
| pcat | Concatenate compacted data | pack(1) |
| pcc | C compiler | cc(1) |
| pi | PASCAL interpreter code translator | pi(1) |
| pix | PASCAL interpreter and executor | pix(1) |
| plot | Graphics filters | plot(1g) |
| pr | Print file data | pr(1) |
| primes | Generate primes | factor(1) |
| prep | Prepare for statistical processing | prep(1) |
| Line printer spooler | lpr(1) | |
| printenv | Display current environment | printenv(1) |
| prof | Display profile data | prof(1) |
| prs | Print an SCCS file | prs(1) |
| ps | Process status | ps(1) |
| ptx | Permuted index | ptx(1) |
| pwd | Print working directory | pwd(1) |
| px | PASCAL interpreter | px(1) |
| pxp | PASCAL execution profiler | pxp(1) |
| ranlib | Convert archives | ranlib(1) |
| ratfor | Rational Fortran dialect | ratfor(1) |
| rcp | Remote file copy | rcp(1c) |
| red | Restricted ed editor | ed(1) |
| refer | Format bibliographic references | refer(1) |
| regcmp | Regular expression compile | regcmp(1) |
| renice | Change process priority | renice(1) |
| reset | Set terminal modes | tset(1) |
| rev | Reverse characters in file | rev(1) |
| rlogin | Remote login | rlogin(1c) |
| rm | Remove (unlink) files | rm(1) |
| rmdir | Remove (unlink) directories | rm(1) |
| rmail | Handle remote mail | rmail(1) |
| rmdel | Remove SCCS delta | rmdel(1) |
| roff | Format text | roff(1) |
| rsh | Execute remote shell | rsh(1c) |
| rsh5 | Shell command programming language | sh5(1) |
| ruptime | Display host status of local machines | ruptime(1c) |
| rwho | Display who for network | rwho(1c) |
| s5make | Maintain program groups | (SYSTEM V) |
| sact | Display SCCS file status | sact(1) |
| sccs | Source Code Control System | sccs(1) |
| sccsdiff | Compare SCCS versions | sccsdiff(1) |
| sccshelp | SCCS help | sccshelp(1) |
| script | Typescript for terminal session | script(1) |
| sdiff | Side-by-side difference program | sdiff(1) |
| sed | Stream editor | sed(1) |
| sh | Bourne shell command interpreter | sh(1) |
| sh5 | Shell command programming language | sh5(1) |
| size | Size of object file | size(1) |
| sleep | Suspend command execution | sleep(1) |
| sort | Sort file data | sort(1) |
| spell | Find spelling errors | spell(1) |
| spellin | Update spelling list | spell(1) |
| spellout | Maintain spelling list | spell(1) |
| spline | Interpolate smooth curve | spline(1g) |
| split | Split up file | split(1) |
| strings | Find strings in object or binary file | strings(1) |
| strip | Remove symbols and relocation bits | strip(1) |
| struct | Structure Fortran programs | struct(1) |
| stty | Set terminal options | stty(1) |
| su | Substitute user ID | su(1) |
| sum | Display program checksum | sum(1) |
| tabs | Set terminal tabs | tabs(1) |
| tail | Display lines from file | tail(1) |
| talk | Talk to another user | talk(1) |
| tar | Multivolume tape archiver | tar(1) |
| tbl | Format tables | tbl(1) |
| tc | Phototypesetter simulator | tc(1) |
| tee | Pipe fitting | tee(1) |
| telnet | TELNET user interface | telnet(1c) |
| test | Execute conditional expression | test(1) |
| tftp | Trivial file transfer program | tftp(1c) |
| time | Time command execution | time(1) |
| tip | Connect to remote system | tip(1c) |
| tk | Tektronix 4014 paginator | tk(1) |
| touch | Update file modification date | touch(1) |
| tp | Manipulate tape archive | tp(1) |
| tr | Translate characters | tr(1) |
| troff | Format text for phototypesetting | troff(1) |
| true | Force true condition | true(1) |
| tset | Set terminal modes | tset(1) |
| tsort | Topological sort | tsort(1) |
| tty | Display terminal name | tty(1) |
| u | Display list of logged in users | users(1) |
| ul | Process underlining | ul(1) |
| uname | Print name of system | uname(1) |
| unexpand | Unexpand tabs and spaces | expand(1) |
| unget | Undo SCCS get command | unget(1) |
| unpack | Expand compacted delta | pack(1) |
| uniq | Remove repealed lines | uniq(1) |
| units | Conversion program | units(1) |
| uptime | Display system up time | uptime(1) |
| users | Display list of logged in users | users(1) |
| uucp | UNIX to UNIX copy | uucp(1c) |
| uulog | UNIX to UNIX copy | uucp(1c) |
| uustat | UUCP status inquiry | uustat(1c) |
| uux | UNIX to UNIX command execution | uux(1c) |
| v7tar | Tape archiver | v7tar(1) |
| val | Validate SCCS file | val(1) |
| vc | SCCS version control | vc(1) |
| vi | Visual display text editor | vi(1) |
| w | Who is on and what they are doing | w(1) |
| wait | Await completion of process | wait(1) |
| wall | Write to all users | wall(1) |
| wc | Word count | wc(1) |
| what | Identify SCCS files | what(1) |
| whatis | Display command titles | whatis(1) |
| which | Locate a program file | which(1) |
| who | Who is on system | who(1) |
| whoami | Print effective current user id | whoami(1) |
| write | Write to another user | write(1) |
| xstr | Extract strings from C programs | xstr(1) |
| yacc | Yet another compiler-compiler | yacc(1) |
DIAGNOSTICS
Upon termination each command returns two bytes of status, one supplied by the system giving the cause for termination, and (in the case of ’normal’ termination) one supplied by the program. For further information, see wait and exit. The former byte is 0 for normal termination, the latter is customarily 0 for successful execution, nonzero to indicate troubles such as erroneous parameters, bad or inaccessible data, or other inability to cope with the task at hand. It is called variously “exit code”, “exit status” or “return code”, and is described only where special conventions are involved.