| adb | debugger |
| ar | archive and library maintainer |
| ar11 | PDP-11 compatible archive and library maintainer |
| as | assembler |
| at | execute commands at a later time |
| awk | pattern scanning and processing language |
| basename | strip filename affixes |
| bc | arbitrary-precision arithmetic language |
| cal | print calendar |
| calendar | reminder service |
| cat | catenate and print |
| cb | C program beautifier |
| cc | C compiler |
| cd | change working directory |
| chmod | change mode |
| chgrp, chown | change owner or group |
| cmp | compare two files |
| col | filter reverse line feeds |
| comm | select or reject lines common to two sorted files |
| cp | copy |
| crypt | encode/decode |
| date | print and set the date |
| dc | desk calculator |
| dd | convert and copy a file |
| deroff | remove nroff, troff, tbl and eqn constructs |
| diff | differential file comparator |
| diff3 | 3-way differential file comparison |
| du | summarize disk usage |
| echo | echo arguments |
| ed | text editor |
| neqn, checkeq, eqn | typeset mathematics |
| expr | evaluate arguments as an expression |
| f77 | Fortran 77 compiler |
| true, false | provide truth values |
| file | determine file type |
| find | find files |
| egrep, fgrep, grep | search a file for a pattern |
| intro | introduction to commands |
| join | relational database operator |
| kill | terminate a process with extreme prejudice |
| ld | link editor |
| learn | computer aided instruction about UNIX |
| lex | generator of lexical analysis programs |
| lint | a C program verifier |
| ln | make a link |
| login | sign on |
| look | find lines in a sorted list |
| refer, lookbib | find and insert literature references in documents |
| lorder | find ordering relation for an object library |
| vpr, lpr | line printer spooler |
| ls | list contents of directory |
| m4 | macro processor |
| mail | send or receive mail among users |
| make | maintain program groups |
| man | print sections of this manual |
| mesg | permit or deny messages |
| mkdir | make a directory |
| mv | move or rename files |
| newgrp | log in to a new group |
| nohup, nice | run a command at low priority |
| nm | print name list |
| nohup | run a command immune to hangups |
| number | convert Arabic numerals to English |
| od | octal dump |
| passwd | change login password |
| pr | print file |
| prof | display profile data |
| ps | process status |
| ptx | permuted index |
| pwd | working directory name |
| ratfor | rational Fortran dialect |
| rc | Ratfor compiler |
| lookbib, refer | find and insert literature references in documents |
| rev | reverse lines of a file |
| rmdir, rm | remove (unlink) files |
| sdb | C symbolic debugger |
| sed | stream editor |
| for, case, if, while, :, ., break, continue, cd, eval, exec, exit, export, login, newgrp, read, readonly, set, shift, times, trap, umask, wait, sh | command language |
| size | size of an object file |
| sleep | suspend execution for an interval |
| sort | sort or merge files |
| spellin, spellout, spell | find spelling errors |
| split | split a file into pieces |
| strip | remove symbols and relocation bits |
| struct | structure Fortran programs |
| stty | set terminal options |
| su | substitute user id temporarily |
| sum | sum and count blocks in a file |
| tabs | set terminal tabs |
| tail | deliver the last part of a file |
| tar | tape archiver |
| tbl | format tables for nroff or troff |
| tc | photypesetter simulator |
| tee | pipe fitting |
| test | condition command |
| time | time a command |
| tk | paginator for the Tektronix 4014 |
| touch | update date last modified of a file |
| tp | manipulate tape archive |
| tr | translate characters |
| nroff, troff | text formatting and typesetting |
| false, true | provide truth values |
| tsort | topological sort |
| tty | get terminal name |
| uniq | report repeated lines in a file |
| units | conversion program |
| wait | await completion of process |
| wc | word count |
| who | who is on the system |
| write | write to another user |
| xget, enroll, xsend | secret mail |
| yacc | yet another compiler-compiler |
| access | determine accessibility of file |
| acct | turn accounting on or off |
| alarm | schedule signal after specified time |
| sbrk, break, brk | change core allocation |
| chdir | change default directory |
| chmod | change mode of file |
| chown | change owner and group of a file |
| close | close a file |
| creat | create a new file |
| dup2, dup | duplicate an open file descriptor |
| execl, execv, execle, execve, execlp, execvp, exece, environ, exec | execute a file |
| exit | terminate process |
| fork | spawn new process |
| getpid | get process identification |
| getgid, geteuid, getegid, getuid | get user and group identity |
| syscall, indir | indirect system call |
| errno, intro | introduction to system calls and error numbers |
| stty, gtty, ioctl | control device |
| kill | send signal to a process |
| link | link to a file |
| lock | lock a process in primary memory |
| tell, lseek | move read/write pointer |
| mknod | make a directory or a special file |
| umount, mount | mount or remove file system |
| mpx | create and manipulate multiplexed files |
| nice | set program priority |
| open | open for reading or writing |
| pause | stop until signal |
| pipe | create an interprocess channel |
| profil | execution time profile |
| ptrace | process trace |
| read | read from file |
| setgid, setuid | set user and group ID |
| signal | catch or ignore signals |
| fstat, stat | get file status |
| stime | set time |
| gtty, stty | set and retrieve terminal modes |
| sync | update super-block |
| ftime, time | get date and time |
| times | get process times |
| umask | set file creation mode mask |
| unlink | remove directory entry |
| utime | set file times |
| wait | wait for process to terminate |
| write | write on a file |
| abort | generate a fault |
| abs | integer absolute value |
| atoi, atol, atof | convert ASCII to numbers |
| setkey, encrypt, crypt | DES encryption |
| localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone, ctime | convert date and time to ASCII |
| isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, iscntrl, isascii, ctype | character classification |
| fcvt, gcvt, ecvt | output conversion |
| etext, edata, end | last locations in program |
| ldexp, modf, frexp | split into mantissa and exponent |
| getenv | value for environment name |
| getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent, getgrent | get group file entry |
| getlogin | get login name |
| getpass | read a password |
| getpw | get name from UID |
| getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, getpwent | get password file entry |
| intro | introduction to library functions |
| ltol3, l3tol | convert between 3-byte integers and long integers |
| free, realloc, calloc, malloc | main memory allocator |
| mktemp | make a unique file name |
| monitor | prepare execution profile |
| nlist | get entries from name list |
| sys_errlist, sys_nerr, perror | system error messages |
| qsort | quicker sort |
| srand, rand | random number generator |
| longjmp, setjmp | non-local goto |
| sleep | suspend execution for interval |
| strcat, strcatn, strcmp, strcmpn, strcpy, strcpyn, strlen, index, rindex, string | string operations |
| swab | swap bytes |
| system | issue a shell command |
| isatty, ttyslot, ttyname | find name of a terminal |
| log, log10, pow, sqrt, exp | exponential, logarithm, power, square root |
| fabs, ceil, floor | absolute value, floor, ceiling functions |
| gamma | log gamma function |
| cabs, hypot | euclidean distance |
| j1, jn, y0, y1, yn, j0 | bessel functions |
| cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2, sin | trigonometric functions |
| cosh, tanh, sinh | hyperbolic functions |
| fflush, fclose | close or flush a stream |
| feof, clearerr, fileno, ferror | stream status inquiries |
| freopen, fdopen, fopen | open a stream |
| fwrite, fread | buffered binary input/output |
| ftell, rewind, fseek | reposition a stream |
| getchar, fgetc, getw, getc | get character or word from stream |
| fgets, gets | get a string from a stream |
| pclose, popen | initiate I/O to/from a process |
| fprintf, sprintf, printf | formatted output conversion |
| putchar, fputc, putw, putc | put character or word on a stream |
| fputs, puts | put a string on a stream |
| fscanf, sscanf, scanf | formatted input conversion |
| setbuf | assign buffering to a stream |
| stdio | standard buffered input/output package |
| ungetc | push character back into input stream |
| cat | phototypesetter interface |
| dc | DC-11 communications interface |
| dh | DH-11 communications multiplexer |
| dn | DN-11 ACU interface |
| dp | DP-11 201 data-phone interface |
| dz | DZ-11 communications multiplexer |
| hp | RH-11/RP04, RP05, RP06, RM03 moving-head disk |
| hs | RH11/RS03-RS04 fixed-head disk file |
| ht | RH-11/TE-16 magtape interface |
| kl | KL-11 or DL-11 asynchronous interface |
| mem, kmem | main memory |
| lp | line printer |
| kmem, mem | main memory |
| null | data sink |
| pc | PC-11 paper tape reader/punch |
| pk | packet driver |
| rf | RF11/RS11 fixed-head disk file |
| rk | RK-11/RK03 or RK05 disk |
| rp | RP-11/RP03 moving-head disk |
| tc | TC-11/TU56 DECtape |
| tm | TM-11/TU-10 magtape interface |
| tty | general terminal interface |
| vp | Versatec printer-plotter |