4. objcopy

objcopy [ -F bfdname | --target=bfdname ]
        [ -I bfdname | --input-target=bfdname ]
        [ -O bfdname | --output-target=bfdname ]
        [ -S | --strip-all ]  [ -g | --strip-debug ]
        [ -K symbolname | --keep-symbol=symbolname ]
        [ -N symbolname | --strip-symbol=symbolname ]
        [ -L symbolname | --localize-symbol=symbolname ]
        [ -W symbolname | --weaken-symbol=symbolname ]
        [ -x | --discard-all ]  [ -X | --discard-locals ]
        [ -b byte | --byte=byte ]
        [ -i interleave | --interleave=interleave ]
        [ -R sectionname | --remove-section=sectionname ]
        [ -p | --preserve-dates ] [ --debugging ]
        [ --gap-fill=val ] [ --pad-to=address ]
        [ --set-start=val ] [ --adjust-start=incr ]
        [ --change-addresses=incr ]
        [ --change-section-address=section{=,+,-}val ]
        [ --change-section-lma=section{=,+,-}val ]
        [ --change-section-vma=section{=,+,-}val ]
        [ --change-warnings ] [ --no-change-warnings ]
        [ --set-section-flags=section=flags ]
        [ --add-section=sectionname=filename ]
        [ --change-leading-char ] [ --remove-leading-char ]
        [ --weaken ]
        [ -v | --verbose ] [ -V | --version ]  [ --help ]
        infile [outfile]

The GNU objcopy utility copies the contents of an object file to another. objcopy uses the GNU BFD Library to read and write the object files. It can write the destination object file in a format different from that of the source object file. The exact behavior of objcopy is controlled by command-line options.

objcopy creates temporary files to do its translations and deletes them afterward. objcopy uses BFD to do all its translation work; it has access to all the formats described in BFD and thus is able to recognize most formats without being told explicitly. See section `BFD' in Using LD.

objcopy can be used to generate S-records by using an output target of `srec' (e.g., use `-O srec').

objcopy can be used to generate a raw binary file by using an output target of `binary' (e.g., use `-O binary'). When objcopy generates a raw binary file, it will essentially produce a memory dump of the contents of the input object file. All symbols and relocation information will be discarded. The memory dump will start at the load address of the lowest section copied into the output file.

When generating an S-record or a raw binary file, it may be helpful to use `-S' to remove sections containing debugging information. In some cases `-R' will be useful to remove sections which contain information which is not needed by the binary file.

infile

outfile

The source and output files, respectively. If you do not specify outfile, objcopy creates a temporary file and destructively renames the result with the name of infile.

-I bfdname

--input-target=bfdname

Consider the source file's object format to be bfdname, rather than attempting to deduce it. See section 16.1 Target Selection, for more information.

-O bfdname

--output-target=bfdname

Write the output file using the object format bfdname. See section 16.1 Target Selection, for more information.

-F bfdname

--target=bfdname

Use bfdname as the object format for both the input and the output file; i.e., simply transfer data from source to destination with no translation. See section 16.1 Target Selection, for more information.

-R sectionname

--remove-section=sectionname

Remove any section named sectionname from the output file. This option may be given more than once. Note that using this option inappropriately may make the output file unusable.

-S

--strip-all

Do not copy relocation and symbol information from the source file.

-g

--strip-debug

Do not copy debugging symbols from the source file.

--strip-unneeded

Strip all symbols that are not needed for relocation processing.

-K symbolname

--keep-symbol=symbolname

Copy only symbol symbolname from the source file. This option may be given more than once.

-N symbolname

--strip-symbol=symbolname

Do not copy symbol symbolname from the source file. This option may be given more than once.

-L symbolname

--localize-symbol=symbolname

Make symbol symbolname local to the file, so that it is not visible externally. This option may be given more than once.

-W symbolname

--weaken-symbol=symbolname

Make symbol symbolname weak. This option may be given more than once.

-x

--discard-all

Do not copy non-global symbols from the source file.

-X

--discard-locals

Do not copy compiler-generated local symbols. (These usually start with `L' or `.'.)

-b byte

--byte=byte

Keep only every byteth byte of the input file (header data is not affected). byte can be in the range from 0 to interleave-1, where interleave is given by the `-i' or `--interleave' option, or the default of 4. This option is useful for creating files to program ROM. It is typically used with an srec output target.

-i interleave

--interleave=interleave

Only copy one out of every interleave bytes. Select which byte to copy with the -b or `--byte' option. The default is 4. objcopy ignores this option if you do not specify either `-b' or `--byte'.

-p

--preserve-dates

Set the access and modification dates of the output file to be the same as those of the input file.

--debugging

Convert debugging information, if possible. This is not the default because only certain debugging formats are supported, and the conversion process can be time consuming.

--gap-fill val

Fill gaps between sections with val. This operation applies to the load address (LMA) of the sections. It is done by increasing the size of the section with the lower address, and filling in the extra space created with val.

--pad-to address

Pad the output file up to the load address address. This is done by increasing the size of the last section. The extra space is filled in with the value specified by `--gap-fill' (default zero).

--set-start val

Set the address of the new file to val. Not all object file formats support setting the start address.

--change-start incr

--adjust-start incr

Change the start address by adding incr. Not all object file formats support setting the start address.

--change-addresses incr

--adjust-vma incr

Change the VMA and LMA addresses of all sections, as well as the start address, by adding incr. Some object file formats do not permit section addresses to be changed arbitrarily. Note that this does not relocate the sections; if the program expects sections to be loaded at a certain address, and this option is used to change the sections such that they are loaded at a different address, the program may fail.

--change-section-address section{=,+,-}val

--adjust-section-vma section{=,+,-}val

Set or change both the VMA address and the LMA address of the named section. If `=' is used, the section address is set to val. Otherwise, val is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the comments under `--change-addresses', above. If section does not exist in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless `--no-change-warnings' is used.

--change-section-lma section{=,+,-}val

Set or change the LMA address of the named section. The LMA address is the address where the section will be loaded into memory at program load time. Normally this is the same as the VMA address, which is the address of the section at program run time, but on some systems, especially those where a program is held in ROM, the two can be different. If `=' is used, the section address is set to val. Otherwise, val is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the comments under `--change-addresses', above. If section does not exist in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless `--no-change-warnings' is used.

--change-section-vma section{=,+,-}val

Set or change the VMA address of the named section. The VMA address is the address where the section will be located once the program has started executing. Normally this is the same as the LMA address, which is the address where the section will be loaded into memory, but on some systems, especially those where a program is held in ROM, the two can be different. If `=' is used, the section address is set to val. Otherwise, val is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the comments under `--change-addresses', above. If section does not exist in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless `--no-change-warnings' is used.

--change-warnings

--adjust-warnings

If `--change-section-address' or `--change-section-lma' or `--change-section-vma' is used, and the named section does not exist, issue a warning. This is the default.

--no-change-warnings

--no-adjust-warnings

Do not issue a warning if `--change-section-address' or `--adjust-section-lma' or `--adjust-section-vma' is used, even if the named section does not exist.

--set-section-flags section=flags

Set the flags for the named section. The flags argument is a comma separated string of flag names. The recognized names are `alloc', `contents', `load', `readonly', `code', `data', and `rom'. You can set the `contents' flag for a section which does not have contents, but it is not meaningful to clear the `contents' flag of a section which does have contents--just remove the section instead. Not all flags are meaningful for all object file formats.

--add-section sectionname=filename

Add a new section named sectionname while copying the file. The contents of the new section are taken from the file filename. The size of the section will be the size of the file. This option only works on file formats which can support sections with arbitrary names.

--change-leading-char

Some object file formats use special characters at the start of symbols. The most common such character is underscore, which compilers often add before every symbol. This option tells objcopy to change the leading character of every symbol when it converts between object file formats. If the object file formats use the same leading character, this option has no effect. Otherwise, it will add a character, or remove a character, or change a character, as appropriate.

--remove-leading-char

If the first character of a global symbol is a special symbol leading character used by the object file format, remove the character. The most common symbol leading character is underscore. This option will remove a leading underscore from all global symbols. This can be useful if you want to link together objects of different file formats with different conventions for symbol names. This is different from --change-leading-char because it always changes the symbol name when appropriate, regardless of the object file format of the output file.

--weaken

Change all global symbols in the file to be weak. This can be useful when building an object which will be linked against other objects using the -R option to the linker. This option is only effective when using an object file format which supports weak symbols.

-V

--version

Show the version number of objcopy.

-v

--verbose

Verbose output: list all object files modified. In the case of archives, `objcopy -V' lists all members of the archive.

--help

Show a summary of the options to objcopy.

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