XPR(1) XPR(1)
NAME
xpr - print an X window dump
SYNOPSIS
xpr [ -device devtype ] [ -scale scale ] [ -height inches
] [ -width inches ] [ -left inches ] [ -top inches ] [
-header string ] [ -trailer string ] [ -landscape ] [
-portrait ] [ -plane number ] [ -gray ] [ -rv ] [ -compact
] [ -output filename ] [ -append filename ] [ -noff ] [
-split n ] [ -psfig ] [ -density dpi ] [ -cutoff level ] [
-noposition ] [ -gamma correction ] [ -render algorithm ]
[ -slide ] [ filename ]
DESCRIPTION
xpr takes as input a window dump file produced by xwd(1)
and formats it for output on PostScript printers, the Dig-
ital LN03 or LA100, the IBM PP3812 page printer, the HP
LaserJet (or other PCL printers), or the HP PaintJet. If
no file argument is given, the standard input is used. By
default, xpr prints the largest possible representation of
the window on the output page. Options allow the user to
add headers and trailers, specify margins, adjust the
scale and orientation, and append multiple window dumps to
a single output file. Output is to standard output unless
-output is specified.
Command Options
-device devtype
Specifies the device on which the file will be
printed. Currently supported:
la100 Digital LA100
ljet HP LaserJet series and other monochrome
PCL devices such as ThinkJet, QuietJet,
RuggedWriter, HP2560 series, and HP2930
series printers
ln03 Digital LN03
pjet HP PaintJet (color mode)
pjetxl HP HP PaintJet XL Color Graphics
Printer (color mode)
pp IBM PP3812
ps PostScript printer
The default is PostScript. -device lw (Laser-
Writer) is equivalent to -device ps and is provided
only for backwards compatibility.
-scale scale
Affects the size of the window on the page. The
PostScript, LN03, and HP printers are able to
translate each bit in a window pixel map into a
grid of a specified size. For example each bit
might translate into a 3x3 grid. This would be
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specified by -scale 3. By default a window is
printed with the largest scale that will fit onto
the page for the specified orientation.
-height inches
Specifies the maximum height of the page.
-width inches
Specifies the maximum width of the page.
-left inches
Specifies the left margin in inches. Fractions are
allowed. By default the window is centered in the
page.
-top inches
Specifies the top margin for the picture in inches.
Fractions are allowed.
-header string
Specifies a header string to be printed above the
window.
-trailer string
Specifies a trailer string to be printed below the
window.
-landscape
Forces the window to printed in landscape mode. By
default a window is printed such that its longest
side follows the long side of the paper.
-plane number
Specifies which bit plane to use in an image. The
default is to use the entire image and map values
into black and white based on color intensities.
-gray 2 | 3 | 4
Uses a simple 2x2, 3x3, or 4x4 gray scale conver-
sion on a color image, rather than mapping to
strictly black and white. This doubles, triples,
or quadruples the effective width and height of the
image.
-portrait
Forces the window to be printed in portrait mode.
By default a window is printed such that its
longest side follows the long side of the paper.
-rv Forces the window to be printed in reverse video.
-compact
Uses simple run-length encoding for compact repre-
sentation of windows with lots of white pixels.
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-output filename
Specifies an output file name. If this option is
not specified, standard output is used.
-append filename
Specifies a filename previously produced by xpr to
which the window is to be appended.
-noff When specified in conjunction with -append, the
window will appear on the same page as the previous
window.
-split n
This option allows the user to split a window onto
several pages. This might be necessary for very
large windows that would otherwise cause the
printer to overload and print the page in an
obscure manner.
-psfig Suppress translation of the PostScript picture to
the center of the page.
-density dpi
Indicates what dot-per-inch density should be used
by the HP printer.
-cutoff level
Changes the intensity level where colors are mapped
to either black or white for monochrome output on a
LaserJet printer. The level is expressed as per-
centage of full brightness. Fractions are allowed.
-noposition
This option causes header, trailer, and image posi-
tioning command generation to be bypassed for
LaserJet, PaintJet and PaintJet XL printers.
-gamma correction
This changes the intensity of the colors printed by
PaintJet XL printer. The correction is a floating
point value in the range 0.00 to 3.00. Consult the
operator's manual to determine the correct value
for the specific printer.
-render algorithm
This allows PaintJet XL printer to render the image
with the best quality versus performance tradeoff.
Consult the operator's manual to determine which
algorithms are available.
-slide This option allows overhead transparencies to be
printed using the PaintJet and PaintJet XL print-
ers.
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SEE ALSO
xwd(1), xwud(1), X(1)
LIMITATIONS
The current version of xpr can generally print out on the
LN03 most X windows that are not larger than two-thirds of
the screen. For example, it will be able to print out a
large Emacs window, but it will usually fail when trying
to print out the entire screen. The LN03 has memory limi-
tations that can cause it to incorrectly print very large
or complex windows. The two most common errors encoun-
tered are ``band too complex'' and ``page memory
exceeded.'' In the first case, a window may have a par-
ticular six pixel row that contains too many changes (from
black to white to black). This will cause the printer to
drop part of the line and possibly parts of the rest of
the page. The printer will flash the number `1' on its
front panel when this problem occurs. A possible solution
to this problem is to increase the scale of the picture,
or to split the picture onto two or more pages. The sec-
ond problem, ``page memory exceeded,'' will occur if the
picture contains too much black, or if the picture con-
tains complex half-tones such as the background color of a
display. When this problem occurs the printer will auto-
matically split the picture into two or more pages. It
may flash the number `5' on its from panel. There is no
easy solution to this problem. It will probably be neces-
sary to either cut and paste, or to rework the application
to produce a less complex picture.
There are several limitations on the LA100 support: the
picture will always be printed in portrait mode, there is
no scaling, and the aspect ratio will be slightly off.
Support for PostScript output currently cannot handle the
-append, -noff or -split options.
The -compact option is only supported for PostScript out-
put. It compresses white space but not black space, so it
is not useful for reverse-video windows.
For color images, should map directly to PostScript image
support.
HP PRINTERS
If no -density is specified on the command line 300 dots
per inch will be assumed for ljet and 90 dots per inch for
pjet. Allowable density values for a LaserJet printer are
300, 150, 100, and 75 dots per inch. Consult the opera-
tor's manual to determine densities supported by other
printers.
If no -scale is specified the image will be expanded to
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fit the printable page area.
The default printable page area is 8x10.5 inches. Other
paper sizes can be accommodated using the -height and
-width options.
Note that a 1024x768 image fits the default printable area
when processed at 100 dpi with scale=1, the same image can
also be printed using 300 dpi with scale=3 but will
require considerably more data be transferred to the
printer.
xpr may be tailored for use with monochrome PCL printers
other than the LaserJet. To print on a ThinkJet (HP2225A)
xpr could be invoked as:
xpr -density 96 -width 6.667 filename
or for black-and-white output to a PaintJet:
xpr -density 180 filename
The monochrome intensity of a pixel is computed as 0.30*R
+ 0.59*G + 0.11*B. If a pixel's computed intensity is
less than the -cutoff level it will print as white. This
maps light-on-dark display images to black-on-white hard-
copy. The default cutoff intensity is 50% of full bright-
ness. Example: specifying -cutoff 87.5 moves the
white/black intensity point to 87.5% of full brightness.
A LaserJet printer must be configured with sufficient mem-
ory to handle the image. For a full page at 300 dots per
inch approximately 2MB of printer memory is required.
Color images are produced on the PaintJet at 90 dots per
inch. The PaintJet is limited to sixteen colors from its
330 color palette on each horizontal print line. xpr will
issue a warning message if more than sixteen colors are
encountered on a line. xpr will program the PaintJet for
the first sixteen colors encountered on each line and use
the nearest matching programmed value for other colors
present on the line.
Specifying the -rv, reverse video, option for the PaintJet
will cause black and white to be interchanged on the out-
put image. No other colors are changed.
Multiplane images must be recorded by xwd in ZPixmap for-
mat. Single plane (monochrome) images may be in either
XYPixmap or ZPixmap format.
Some PCL printers do not recognize image positioning com-
mands. Output for these printers will not be centered on
the page and header and trailer strings may not appear
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where expected.
The -gamma and -render options are supported only on the
PaintJet XL printers.
The -slide option is not supported for LaserJet printers.
The -split option is not supported for HP printers.
The -gray option is not supported for HP or IBM printers.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 1988, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Copyright 1986, Marvin Solomon and the University of Wis-
consin.
Copyright 1988, Hewlett Packard Company.
See X(1) for a full statement of rights and permissions.
AUTHORS
Michael R. Gretzinger, MIT Project Athena, Jose Capo, MIT
Project Athena (PP3812 support), Marvin Solomon, Univer-
sity of Wisconsin, Bob Scheifler, MIT, Angela Bock and E.
Mike Durbin, Rich Inc. (grayscale), Larry Rupp, HP (HP
printer support).
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