ANIMATE(1) ANIMATE(1)
NAME
animate - display a sequence of images on any workstation
running X
SYNOPSIS
animate [ options ...] file [ [ options ...] file ...]
DESCRIPTION
Animate displays a sequence of images on any workstation
display running an X server. Animate first determines the
hardware capabilities of the workstation. If the number
of unique colors in an image is less than or equal to the
number the workstation can support, the image is displayed
in an X window. Otherwise the number of colors in the
image is first reduced to match the color resolution of
the workstation before it is displayed.
This means that a continuous-tone 24 bits-per-pixel image
can display on a 8 bit pseudo-color device or monochrome
device. In most instances the reduced color image closely
resembles the original. Alternatively, a monochrome or
pseudo-color image sequence can display on a continuous-
tone 24 bits-per-pixel device.
To help prevent color flashing on X server visuals that
have colormaps, animate creates a single colormap from the
image sequence. This can be rather time consuming. You
can speed this operation up by reducing the colors in the
image before you `animate' them. Use mogrify to color
reduce the images to a single colormap. See mogrify(1)
for details. Alternatively, you can use a Standard Col-
ormap; or a static, direct, or true color visual. You can
define a Standard Colormap with xstdcmap. See xstdcmap(1)
for details.
EXAMPLES
To animate a set of images of a cockatoo, use:
animate cockatoo.*
To animate a cockatoo image sequence while using the Stan-
dard Colormap "best", use:
xstdcmap -best
animate -map best cockatoo.*
To animate an image of a cockatoo without a border cen-
tered on a backdrop, use:
animate +borderwidth -backdrop cockatoo.*
OPTIONS
-backdrop
display the image centered on a backdrop.
ImageMagick 10 October 1992 1
ANIMATE(1) ANIMATE(1)
This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen
and is useful for hiding other X window activity
while viewing the image sequence. The color of the
backdrop is specified as the background color. Refer
to X RESOURCES for details.
-clip <width>x<height>{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>
preferred size and location of the clipped image.
See X(1) for details about the geometry specifica-
tion.
Use clipping to apply image processing options, or
display, only a particular area of an image.
The equivalent X resource for this option is clipGe-
ometry (class ClipGeometry). See X RESOURCES for
details.
-colormap type
the type of colormap: Shared or Private.
This option only applies when the default X server
visual is PseudoColor or GrayScale. Refer to -visual
for more details. By default, a shared colormap is
allocated. The image shares colors with other X
clients. Some image colors could be approximated,
therefore your image may look very different than
intended. Choose Private and the image colors appear
exactly as they are defined. However, other clients
may go "technicolor" when the image colormap is
installed.
-colors value
preferred number of colors in the image.
The actual number of colors in the image may be less
than your request, but never more. Note, this is a
color reduction option. Images with less unique col-
ors than specified with this option will remain
unchanged. Refer to Quantize(9) for more details.
Note, options -dither, -colorspace, and -treedepth
affect the color reduction algorithm.
-colorspace value
the type of colorspace: GRAY, RGB, XYZ, YCbCr, YIQ,
or YUV.
Color reduction, by default, takes place in the RGB
color space. Empirical evidence suggests that dis-
tances in color spaces such as YUV or YIQ correspond
to perceptual color differences more closely than do
distances in RGB space. These color spaces may give
better results when color reducing an image. Refer
ImageMagick 10 October 1992 2
ANIMATE(1) ANIMATE(1)
to Quantize(9) for more details.
The -colors or -monochrome option is required for
this option to take effect.
-delay milliseconds
display the next image after pausing.
This option is useful for regulating the display of
the sequence of images. milliseconds milliseconds
must expire before the display of the next image.
The default is to display each image without delay.
-density <width>x<height>
vertical and horizonal density of the image.
This option specifies an image density whose inter-
pretation changes with the type of image. The
default is 72 dots per inch in the horizonal and ver-
tical direction for Postscript. Text files default
to 80 characters in width and 60 lines in height.
Use this option to alter the default density.
-display host:display[.screen]
specifies the X server to contact; see X(1).
-dither
apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the image.
The basic strategy of dithering is to trade intensity
resolution for spatial resolution by averaging the
intensities of several neighboring pixels. Images
which suffer from severe contouring when reducing
colors can be improved with this option.
The -colors or -monochrome option is required for
this option to take effect.
-gamma value
level of gamma correction.
The same color image displayed on two different work-
stations may look different due to differences in the
display monitor. Use gamma correction to adjust for
this color difference. Reasonable values extend from
0.8 to 2.3.
-geometry <width>x<height>{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>
preferred size and location of the image window. See
X(1) for details about the geometry specification.
By default, the window size is the image size and the
location is choosen by you when it is mapped.
If the specified image size is smaller than the
ImageMagick 10 October 1992 3
ANIMATE(1) ANIMATE(1)
actual image size, the image is first reduced to an
integral of the specified image size with an
antialias digital filter. The image is then scaled
to the exact specified image size with pixel replica-
tion. If the specified image size is greater than
the actual image size, the image is first enlarged to
an integral of the specified image size with bilinear
interpolation. The image is then scaled to the exact
specified image size with pixel replication.
When displaying an image on an X server, <x offset>
and <y offset> is relative to the root window.
The equivalent X resource for this option is imageGe-
ometry (class ImageGeometry). See X RESOURCES for
details.
-interlace type
the type of interlacing scheme: NONE, LINE, or PLANE.
This option is used to specify the type of interlac-
ing scheme for raw image formats such as RGB or YUV.
NONE means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...),
LINE uses scanline interlacing
(RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and PLANE
uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).
-map type
animate images using this Standard Colormap type.
Choose from these Standard Colormap types:
default
best
red
green
blue
gray
The X server must support the Standard Colormap you
choose, otherwise an error occurs. See xstdcmap(1)
for one way of creating Standard Colormaps.
-monochrome
transform the image to black and white.
Monochrome images can benefit from error diffusion.
Use -dither with this option to diffuse the error.
-reflect
create a "mirror image" by reflecting the image scan-
lines.
ImageMagick 10 October 1992 4
ANIMATE(1) ANIMATE(1)
-rotate degrees
apply Paeth image rotation to the image.
Empty triangles left over from rotating the image are
filled with the color defined by the pixel at loca-
tion (0,0).
-scale <width factor>x<height factor>
preferred size factors of the image.
This option behaves like -geometry except the width
and height values are relative instead of absolute.
The image size is multiplied by the width and height
factors to obtain the final image dimensions. If
only one factor is specified, both the width and
height factors assume the value.
Factors may be fractional. To increase the size of
an image, use a scale factor greater than 1.0. To
decrease an image's size, use a scale factor less
than 1.0. Default is 1.0.
The equivalent X resource for this option is scaleGe-
ometry (class ScaleGeometry). See X RESOURCES for
details.
-treedepth value
Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A zero
or one tells Animate to choose a optimal tree depth
for the color reduction algorithm.
An optimal depth generally allows the best represen-
tation of the source image with the fastest computa-
tional speed and the least amount of memory. How-
ever, the default depth is inappropriate for some
images. To assure the best representation, try val-
ues between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to
Quantize(9) for more details.
The -colors or -monochrome option is required for
this option to take effect.
-verbose
print detailed information about the image.
This information is printed: image scene number;
image name; image size; the image class (DirectClass
or PseudoClass); the total number of unique colors;
and the number of seconds to read and transform the
image. Refer to MIFF(5) for a description of the
image class.
If -colors is also specified, the total unique colors
in the image and color reduction error values are
ImageMagick 10 October 1992 5
ANIMATE(1) ANIMATE(1)
printed. Refer to Quantize(9) for a description of
these values.
-visual type
animate images using this visual type.
Choose from these visual classes:
StaticGray
GrayScale
StaticColor
PseudoColor
TrueColor
DirectColor
default
visual id
The X server must support the visual you choose, oth-
erwise an error occurs. If a visual is not speci-
fied, the visual class that can display the most
simultaneous colors on the default screen is choosen.
In addition to those listed above, you can specify these
standard X resources as command line options: -back-
ground, -bordercolor, -borderwidth, -font, -foreground,
-iconGeometry, -iconic, -name, or -title. See X RESOURCES
for details.
Any option you specify on the command line remains in
effect until it is explicitly changed by specifying the
option again with a different effect. For example, to
animate two images, the first with 32 colors and the sec-
ond with only 16 colors, use:
animate -colors 32 cockatoo.1 -colors 16 cockatoo.2
Change - to + in any option above to reverse its effect.
For example, specify +dither to not apply error diffusion
to an image.
file specifies the image filename. By default, the image
format is determined by its magic number. To specify a
particular image format, precede the filename with an
image format name and a colon (i.e. ps:image) or specify
the image type as the filename suffix (i.e. image.ps).
See CONVERT(1) for a list of valid image formats. Specify
file as - for standard input or output. If file has the
extension .Z, the file is decoded with uncompress.
Image filenames may appear in any order on the command
line if the image format is MIFF (refer to MIFF(5)) and
the scene keyword is specified in the image. Otherwise
the images will display in the order they appear on the
command line.
ImageMagick 10 October 1992 6
ANIMATE(1) ANIMATE(1)
BUTTONS
1 Press and drag to select a command from a pop-up
menu. Choose from these commands:
Play
Step
Repeat
Auto Reverse
Slower
Faster
Forward
Reverse
Image Info
Quit
KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS
p Press to animate the sequence of images.
s Press to display the next image in the sequence.
. Press to continually display the sequence of images.
a Press to automatically reverse the sequence of
images.
< Press to slow the display of the images. Refer to
-delay for more information.
> Press to speed-up the display of the images. Refer
to -delay for more information.
f Press to animate in the forward direction.
r Press to animate in the reverse direction.
i Press to display information about the image. Press
any key or button to erase the information.
This information is printed: image name; image size;
and the total number of unique colors in the image.
q Press to discard all images and exit program.
X RESOURCES
Animate options can appear on the command line or in your
X resource file. Options on the command line supersede
values specified in your X resource file. See X(1) for
more information on X resources.
All animate options have a corresponding X resource. In
addition, the animate program uses the following X
resources:
ImageMagick 10 October 1992 7
ANIMATE(1) ANIMATE(1)
background (class Background)
Specifies the preferred color to use for the image
window background. The default is black.
borderColor (class BorderColor)
Specifies the preferred color to use for the image
window border. The default is white.
borderWidth (class BorderWidth)
Specifies the width in pixels of the image window
border. The default is 2.
font (class Font)
Specifies the name of the preferred font to use when
displaying text within the image window. The default
is /g9x15, fixed, or /g6x13 determined by the image
window size.
foreground (class Foreground)
Specifies the preferred color to use for text within
the image window. The default is white.
iconGeometry (class IconGeometry)
Specifies the preferred size and position of the
application when iconified. It is not necessarily
obeyed by all window managers.
iconic (class Iconic)
This resource indicates that you would prefer that
the application's windows initially not be visible as
if the windows had be immediately iconified by you.
Window managers may choose not to honor the applica-
tion's request.
name (class Name)
This resource specifies the name under which
resources for the application should be found. This
resource is useful in shell aliases to distinguish
between invocations of an application, without
resorting to creating links to alter the executable
file name. The default is the application name.
title (class Title)
This resource specifies the title to be used for the
image window. This information is sometimes used by
a window manager to provide some sort of header iden-
tifying the window. The default is the image file
name.
ENVIRONMENT
DISPLAY
To get the default host, display number, and screen.
ImageMagick 10 October 1992 8
ANIMATE(1) ANIMATE(1)
SEE ALSO
display(1), import(1), XtoPS(1), mogrify(1), convert(1),
Quantize(9), MIFF(5), X(1), xstdcmap(1), compress(1),
MIFF(5)
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 1992 E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company
Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this
software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby
granted without fee, provided that the above copyright
notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright
notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
documentation, and that the name of E. I. du Pont de
Nemours & Company not be used in advertising or publicity
pertaining to distribution of the software without spe-
cific, written prior permission. E. I. du Pont de Nemours
& Company makes no representations about the suitability
of this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is"
without express or implied warranty.
E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company disclaims all war-
ranties with regard to this software, including all
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness, in no
event shall E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company be liable
for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any
damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or
profits, whether in an action of contract, negligence or
other tortious action, arising out of or in connection
with the use or performance of this software.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The MIT X Consortium for making network transparent graph-
ics a reality.
Michael Halle, Spatial Imaging Group at MIT, for the ini-
tial implementation of Alan Paeth's image rotation algo-
rithm.
David Pensak, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, for pro-
viding a computing environment that made this program pos-
sible.
Paul Raveling, USC Information Sciences Institute, for the
original idea of using space subdivision for the color
reduction algorithm.
AUTHORS
John Cristy, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company Incorpo-
rated
ImageMagick 10 October 1992 9