intro(1)                                                           intro(1)


   NAME
         intro - introduction to programming commands

   DESCRIPTION
         This section describes the programming commands in alphabetical
         order.  The commands in this section should be used along with those
         listed in Sections 1M, 7 and 8 of the System Administrator's Manual
         and Sections 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the Programmer's Reference Manual.
         References of the form name(1) refer to entries in this manual.

         Some of the AT&T 3B2 SVR4 documentation set guides include duplicates
         of relevant manpages. In this documentation set, all manpages may be
         found in the appropriate Reference Manual and, with the exception of
         the Programmer's Guide: XWIN Graphical Windowing System, the
         Programmer's Guide: OPEN LOOK Graphical User Interface, and the OPEN
         LOOK Graphical User Interface User's Guide, are never duplicated in
         the guides.

   COMMAND SYNTAX
         Unless otherwise noted, the commands accept options and other
         arguments according to the following syntax:

         name [option(s)] [cmdarg(s)]

         where:

         name         is the name of an executable file.

         option       is -noargletter(s) or -argletter <> optarg, where:
                      noargletter is a single letter representing an option
                      without an option argument;
                      argletter is a single letter representing an option
                      requiring an option argument;
                      <> is optional white space;
                      optarg is an option argument (character string)
                      satisfying the preceding argletter.

         cmdarg       is ``-'' by itself, which indicates the standard input,
                      or a path name (or other command argument) not beginning
                      with ``-''.

         Throughout the manual pages there are references to TMPDIR, BINDIR,
         INCDIR, and LIBDIR.  These represent directory names whose value is
         specified on each manual page as necessary.  For example, TMPDIR
         might refer to /var/tmp.  These are not environment variables and
         cannot be set.  [There is an environment variable called TMPDIR which
         can be set.  See tmpnam(3S).]  There are also references to LIBPATH,
         the default search path of the link editor and other tools.





   8/91                                                                 Page 1

   intro(1)                                                           intro(1)


   SEE ALSO
         exit(2), wait(2), getopt(3C).
         getopts(1) in the User's Reference Manual.

   DIAGNOSTICS
         Upon termination, each command returns two bytes of status, one
         supplied by the system and giving the cause for termination, and (in
         the case of ``normal'' termination) one supplied by the program [see
         wait(2) and exit(2)].  The former byte is 0 for normal termination;
         the latter is customarily 0 for successful execution and non-zero to
         indicate troubles such as erroneous parameters, or bad or
         inaccessible data.  It is called variously ``exit code,'' ``exit
         status,'' or ``return code,'' and is described only where special
         conventions are involved.

   WARNINGS
         Some commands produce unexpected results when processing files
         containing null characters.  These commands often treat text input
         lines as strings and therefore become confused upon encountering a
         null character (the string terminator) within a line.

































   Page 2                                                                 8/91