hd(1) (XENIX Compatibility Package) hd(1)
NAME
hd - displays files in hexadecimal format.
SYNOPSIS
hd [-format[-s offset][-n count][file]
DESCRIPTION
The hd command displays the contents of files in hexadecimal octal,
decimal and character formats. Control over the specification of
ranges of characters is also available. The default behavior is with
the following flags set: ``-abx -A''. This says that addresses (file
offsets) and bytes are printed in hexadecimal and that characters are
also printed. If no file argument is given, the standard input is
read.
Options include: Specify the beginning offset in the file where
printing is to begin. If no `file' argument is given, or if a seek
fails because the input is a pipe, `offset' bytes are read from the
input and discarded. Otherwise, a seek error will terminate
processing of the current file.
The offset may be given in decimal, hexadecimal (preceded by `Ox'),
or octal (preceded by a `0'). It is optionally followed by one of
the following multipliers: w, l, b, or k; for words (2 bytes), long
words (4 bytes), blocks (512 bytes), or K bytes (1024 bytes). Note
that this is the one case where "b" does not stand for bytes. Since
specifying a hexadecimal offset in blocks would result in an
ambiguous trailing `b', any offset and multiplier may be separated by
an asterisk (*). Specify the number of bytes to process. The count
is in the same format as offset, above.
Format Flags
Format flags may specify addresses, characters, bytes, words (2
bytes), or longs (4 bytes) to be printed in hexadecimal, decimal, or
octal. Two special formats may also be indicated: test or ASCII.
Format and base specifiers amy be freely combined and repeated as
desired in order to specify different bases (hexadecimal, decimal or
octal) for different output formats (addresses, characters, etc.).
All format flags appearing in a single argument are applied as
appropriate to all other flags in that argument.
Output format specifiers for address, characters, bytes, words, longs
and ASCII, respectively. Only one base specifier will be used for
addresses; the address will appear on the first line of output that
begins each new offset in the input.
The character format prints printable characters unchanged, special C
escapes as defined in the language, and remaining values in the
specified base.
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hd(1) (XENIX Compatibility Package) hd(1)
The ASCII format prints all printable characters unchanged, and all
others as a period (.). This format appears to the right of the
first of other specified output formats. A base specifier has no
meaning with the SCII format. If no other output format (other than
addresses) is given, bx is assumed. If no base specifier is given,
all of xdo are used. Output base specifiers for hexadecimal, decimal
and octal. If no format specifier is given, all of acbwl are used.
Print a test file, each line preceded by the address in the file.
Normally, lines should be terminated by a \n character; but long
lines will be broken up. Control characters in the range 0x00 to
0x1f are rpinted as `^@' to `^'. Bytes with the high bit set are
preceded by a tilde (~) and printed as if the high bit were not set.
The special characters (^,~,) are preceded by a backslash ( ) to
escape their special meaning. As special cases, two values are
represented numerically as `\177' and `\377'. This flag will
override all output format specifiers except addresses.
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