startmac(1M) startmac(1M)NAME startmac, startmac24 - create a Macintosh environment SYNOPSIS startmac [-f findername] [-m memsize] [-o name[=value]] [-P patchfile] [-s sysfolder] [-S systemfile] startmac24 [-f findername] [-m memsize] [-o name[=value]] [-P patchfile] [-s sysfolder] [-S systemfile] [-u user] startup-app ARGUMENTS -f findername Specifies an alternate application, findername, to run instead of the Finder. The application that is run in place of the Finder must be located in the System Folder. MultiFinder will automatically launch the Finder whenever no other applications exist, as well as at initial startup. -m memsize Sets the size of the virtual Macintosh. The value memsize is supplied as a scaled value of the form number[scale] where scale can be one of the following: m M specify megabytes. k K specify kilobytes. -o name[=value] Specifies a debugging option. The following list describes the legal values for name. For value, you would normally specify 0 or 1, although any non-zero value turns the feature on. If you do not supply a value, the value defaults to 1 (switching the feature on). ram Copies the contents of ROM memory into RAM. You can use this option to facilitate debugging. It allows you to set breakpoints more easily. traps Causes startmac to generate a warning message for each trap that is invoked. The warning message is not actually displayed unless warn is also set. verbose Causes startmac to generate lengthier warning messages. Once again, warning messages are not displayed unless warn is set. March 1993 1
startmac(1M) startmac(1M)warn Causes startmac to direct warning messages to the terminal device from which startmac is run. This option is best used from a serial port or other non-console terminal. -P patchfile Specifies the name of the patch file to be used. Normally, the system constructs the appropriate patch file name by concatenating the string Patch. and the hexadecimal ROM version number. Currently, the valid patch files are Patch.0178 (for Macintosh II, Macintosh IIx, and Macintosh SE/30 computers) and Patch.067C (for Macintosh IIci and Macintosh IIfx computers). The patch file is always found in the System Folder. -s sysfolder Specifies an alternate System Folder. The System Folder will be the specified directory. -S systemfile Specifies the name of the system file to be used. Normally, this name is ``System.'' The system file is always found in the System Folder. startup-app Specifies an application to be started in addition to the Finder. -u user Specifies an alternate System Folder. The preferred System Folder will be taken from the indicated user's home directory. DESCRIPTION startmac is used to create and initialize the Macintosh environment under A/UX. Various command options and environment variables can be used to change its default actions. When both an environment variable and a command option would affect the same action, the command option always takes precedence. The startmac24 program is similar to startmac except that it creates a 24-bit-only environment, thus allowing applications that are not 32-bit clean to run. The startmac program will rarely be invoked directly by the user. It may be useful when you want to have a console emulator login environment and still be able to run Macintosh applications and tools. Even then, you will probably prefer to invoke mac32 or mac24, which will in turn invoke startmac or startmac24. 2 March 1993
startmac(1M) startmac(1M)The mac32 and mac24 startup scripts contain commands that tell startmac how to customize the Macintosh Toolbox environment. These scripts set environment variables that determine whether filenames are treated in a case-sensitive manner when creating or renaming files from within Macintosh applications such as Finder, that determine how slash characters are handled when they are entered in filenames from a Macintosh application, and that determine the end- of-line character for files saved in text-only format. See the descriptions of TBFMINGORECASE, TBTRANSLATESLASHES, and TBTRASNLATEUXONLY in the next section. Environment Variables Several environmental variables help you customize the Macintosh environment. New values for these variables are honored once you log out and log in again. These variables allow you to choose the kinds of compatibility you want when the normal operating policies of Macintosh systems and UNIX systems differ. Note: For a variable to be considered ``set,'' it does not need to be assigned a particular value; however it must be exported into the environment within mac32 or mac24 (or the startup file for your default login shell, such as .profile). Setting these variables in your .login or .profile initialization scripts is convenient because there they can affect the Macintosh environment however it is started - manually through the command line or automatically through the use of a Finder session type within Login. The startmac program inspects the following environment variables: TBFMIGNORECASE If set, causes the Macintosh applications to treat uppercase and lowercase characters the same when opening, creating, or renaming files (customary treatment for Macintosh systems). Otherwise, Macintosh applications will treat two filenames that differ only in terms of uppercase and lowercase for some of its characters as two different filenames (customary treatment for UNIX systems). This setting does not affect files that reside in Macintosh file systems, where distinctions between uppercase and lowercase are not made. TBMEMORY Changes the virtual memory size to be used. Same as the -m option. March 1993 3
startmac(1M) startmac(1M)TBPATCHES Changes the default patch file to be used. Same as the -P option. TBRAM Copies the ROM into RAM to facilitate debugging. Same as the -o ram debug option. TBSYSTEM Changes the default System Folder to be used. Same as the -s option. TBTRANSLATESLASHES If this variable is set, the entry of slash characters into a filename from within a Macintosh application are invisibly translated into colons. This is only performed if the file resides on a UNIX file system or if the Finder in A/UX has copied a so-named file into a UNIX file system. For files that reside on a Macintosh file system, this setting has no effect because slash filename characters are permitted there. (Colon characters are not permitted in Macintosh file systems. Accordingly, the Finder in A/UX immediately converts colons into hyphens.) To make visible the conversion process that occurred, use UNIX commands to display the filename. Otherwise, when this variable is not set and you are using a Macintosh application such as the Finder, slash filename characters are eventually converted into underline characters when they are entered as part of the name of a file that resides in UNIX file system. (Underline characters are permissible filename characters in both UNIX and Macintosh file systems.) TBTRANSLATEUXONLY If set, preserves the Return characters in text files when the user of a Macintosh application requests a text-only save (customary text-file treatment for Macintosh systems). Note: If you use a Macintosh application to edit and save an administrative file such as /etc/passwd while this variable is set, the file will be considered corrupt by A/UX. Critical A/UX programs expect to be able to read the password file in the customary UNIX (line-feed) format. Such a corruption could make it impossible to log in. 4 March 1993
startmac(1M) startmac(1M)Otherwise, when this variable is not set, a file saved to disk in a text-only format from a Macintosh application is translated; Return characters are converted into line-feed characters. TBTRAP Prints a message for each trap invocation. Same as the -o traps debug option. TBWARN Causes warning messages to be displayed. Same as the -o warn debug option. System Folder Search Rules Many files important to the Macintosh environment are found within the System Folder. The startmac program locates a System Folder by performing as few of the following steps as possible: 1. If the -s option is specified, startmac looks in the specified directory. 2. The startmac program checks for a directory named ``System Folder'' located in the user's home directory. The user's home directory is normally in the environment variable HOME, unless the -u option is specified, in which case it will be that user's home directory. If neither is set, the home directory will be the current user's home directory. 3. If you are using startmac24, the program checks the directory named ``System Folder24'' located in the user's home directory. 4. The startmac program checks the directory /mac/sys/System Folder. LIMITATIONS Only the most common and useful options are documented here. FILES /mac/bin/startmac Executable file /mac/bin/startmac24 Executable file systemfolder/Finder Executable file corresponding to the Finder in A/UX systemfolder/MultiFinder Executable file corresponding to the MultiFinder in A/UX systemfolder/Patch.rom-id Patch file used to patch the Macintosh Toolbox March 1993 5
startmac(1M) startmac(1M)systemfolder/System Macintosh System file 6 March 1993