restore(1M) restore(1M)
NAME
restore - incremental file system restore
SYNOPSIS
/etc/restore key[name...]
DESCRIPTION
restore reads tapes dumped with the dumpfs(1M) command. Its
actions are controlled by the key argument. The key is a
string of characters containing at most one function letter
and possibly one or more function modifiers. Other
arguments to the command are file or directory names
specifying the files that are to be restored. Unless the h
key is specified (see below), the appearance of a directory
name refers to the files and (recursively) subdirectories of
that directory.
The function portion of the key is specified by one of the
following letters:
r The tape is read and loaded into the current directory.
This should not be done lightly; the r key should only
be used to restore a complete dump tape onto a clear
file system or to restore an incremental dump tape
after a full level zero restore. Thus
/etc/newfs /dev/rrp0g eagle
/etc/mount /dev/rp0g /mnt
cd /mnt
restore r
is a typical sequence to restore a complete dump.
Another restore can be done to get an incremental dump
in on top of this. Note that restore leaves a file
restoresymtab in the root directory to pass information
between incremental restore passes. This file should
be removed when the last incremental tape has been
restored.
A dumpfs(1M) followed by a ??? and a restore is used to
change the size of a file system.
R restore requests a particular tape of a multi volume
set on which to restart a full restore (see the r key
above). This allows restore to be interrupted and then
restarted.
x The named files are extracted from the tape. If the
named file matches a directory whose contents had been
written onto the tape, and the h key is not specified,
the directory is recursively extracted. The owner,
modification time, and mode are restored (if possible).
If no file argument is given, then the root directory
Page 1 (last mod. 1/22/87)
restore(1M) restore(1M)
is extracted, which results in the entire content of
the tape being extracted, unless the h key has been
specified.
t The names of the specified files are listed if they
occur on the tape. If no file argument is given, then
the root directory is listed, which results in the
entire content of the tape being listed, unless the h
key has been specified. Note that the t key replaces
the function of the old dumpdir program.
i This mode allows interactive restoration of files from
a dump tape. After reading in the directory
information from the tape, restore provides a shell
like interface that allows the user to move around the
directory tree selecting files to be extracted. The
available commands are given below; for those commands
that require an argument, the default is the current
directory.
ls [arg]- List the current or specified
directory. Entries that are directories
are appended with a ``/''. Entries that
have been marked for extraction are
prefixed with a ``*''. If the verbose
key is set the inode number of each
entry is also listed.
cd arg- Change the current working directory
to the specified argument.
pwd - Print the full pathname of the current
working directory.
add [arg]- The current directory or specified
argument is added to the list of files
to be extracted. If a directory is
specified, then it and all its
descendents are added to the extraction
list (unless the h key is specified on
the command line). Files that are on
the extraction list are prefixed with a
``*'' when they are listed by ls.
delete [arg]- The current directory or
specified argument is deleted from the
list of files to be extracted. If a
directory is specified, then it and all
its descendents are deleted from the
extraction list (unless the h key is
specified on the command line). The
Page 2 (last mod. 1/22/87)
restore(1M) restore(1M)
most expedient way to extract most of
the files from a directory is to add the
directory to the extraction list and
then delete those files that are not
needed.
extract - All the files that are on the
extraction list are extracted from the
dump tape. restore will ask which
volume the user wishes to mount. The
fastest way to extract a few files is to
start with the last volume, and work
towards the first volume.
setmodes - All the directories that have been
added to the extraction list have their
owner, modes, and times set; nothing is
extracted from the tape. This is useful
for cleaning up after a restore has been
prematurely aborted.
verbose - The sense of the v key is toggled.
When set, the verbose key causes the ls
command to list the inode numbers of all
entries. It also causes restore to
print out information about each file as
it is extracted.
help - List a summary of the available
commands.
quit - Restore immediately exits, even if the
extraction list is not empty.
The following characters may be used in addition to the
letter that selects the function desired.
b The next argument to restore is used as the block size
of the tape (in kilobytes). If the -b option is not
specified, restore tries to determine the tape block
size dynamically.
f The next argument to restore is used as the name of the
archive instead of /dev/rmt?. If the name of the file
is ``-'', restore reads from standard input. Thus,
dump(1M) and restore can be used in a pipeline to dump
and restore a file system with the command:
dump 0f - /usr | (cd /mnt; restore xf -)
v Normally restore does its work silently. The v
Page 3 (last mod. 1/22/87)
restore(1M) restore(1M)
(verbose) key causes it to type the name of each file
it treats preceded by its file type.
y restore will not ask whether it should abort the
restore if gets a tape error. It will always try to
skip over the bad tape block(s) and continue as best it
can.
m restore will extract by inode numbers rather than by
file name. This is useful if only a few files are
being extracted, and one wants to avoid regenerating
the complete pathname to the file.
h restore extracts the actual directory, rather than the
files that it references. This prevents hierarchical
restoration of complete subtrees from the tape.
s The next argument to restore is a number which selects
the file on a multi-file dump tape. File numbering
starts at 1.
DIAGNOSTICS
Complaints about bad key characters.
Complaints if it gets a read error. If y has been
specified, or the user responds ``y'', restore will attempt
to continue the restore.
If the dump extends over more than one tape, restore will
ask the user to change tapes. If the x or i key has been
specified, restore will also ask which volume the user
wishes to mount. The fastest way to extract a few files is
to start with the last volume, and work towards the first
volume.
There are numerous consistency checks that can be listed by
restore. Most checks are self-explanatory or can ``never
happen''. Common errors are given below.
Converting to new file system format.
A dump tape created from the old file system has been
loaded. It is automatically converted to the new file
system format.
<filename>: not found on tape
The specified file name was listed in the tape
directory, but was not found on the tape. This is
caused by tape read errors while looking for the file,
and from using a dump tape created on an active file
system.
expected next file <inumber>, got <inumber>
Page 4 (last mod. 1/22/87)
restore(1M) restore(1M)
A file that was not listed in the directory showed up.
This can occur when using a dump tape created on an
active file system.
Incremental tape too low
When doing incremental restore, a tape that was written
before the previous incremental tape, or that has too
low an incremental level has been loaded.
Incremental tape too high
When doing incremental restore, a tape that does not
begin its coverage where the previous incremental tape
left off, or that has too high an incremental level has
been loaded.
Tape read error while restoring <filename>
Tape read error while skipping over inode <inumber>
Tape read error while trying to resynchronize
A tape read error has occurred. If a file name is
specified, then its contents are probably partially
wrong. If an inode is being skipped or the tape is
trying to resynchronize, then no extracted files have
been corrupted, though files may not be found on the
tape.
resync restore, skipped <num> blocks
After a tape read error, restore may have to
resynchronize itself. This message lists the number of
blocks that were skipped over.
FILES
/etc/restore
/dev/rmt? the default tape drive
/tmp/rstdir* file containing directories on the tape.
/tmp/rstmode* owner, mode, and time stamps for
directories.
./restoresymtable
information passed between incremental
restores.
SEE ALSO
dumpfs(1M), newfs(1M), mount(1M), mkfs(1M).
BUGS
restore can get confused when doing incremental restores
from dump tapes that were made on active file systems.
A level zero dump must be done after a full restore.
Page 5 (last mod. 1/22/87)
restore(1M) restore(1M)
Because restore runs in user code, it has no control over
inode allocation; thus a full restore must be done to get a
new set of directories reflecting the new inode numbering,
even though the contents of the files is unchanged.
Page 6 (last mod. 1/22/87)