more(1) more(1)
NAME
more - file perusal filter for crt viewing
SYNOPSIS
more [-c] [-d] [-f] [-l] [-n] [-s] [-u]
[+linenumber | +/pattern] [name ...]
DESCRIPTION
more is a filter which allows examination of a continuous
text one screenful at a time on a CRT terminal. It normally
pauses after each screenful, printing --More-- at the bottom
of the screen.
If the user then presses RETURN, one more line is displayed.
If the RETURN is preceded by an integer, that number becomes
the new window size. If the user hits a space, another
screenful is displayed. If a space is preceded by an
integer, that number of lines is displayed. If the user
presses d or CONTROL-d, 11 more lines (usually half a
screenful) are displayed (a ``scroll''). If d or CONTROL-d,
is preceded by an integer, that number becomes the new
scroll size.
more looks in the user's environment and, if necessary, the
file /etc/termcap to determine terminal characteristics and
to determine the default window size. On a terminal capable
of displaying 24 lines, the default window size is 22 lines.
If more is reading from a file, rather than a pipe, then a
percentage is displayed along with the --More-- prompt.
This gives the fraction of the file (in characters, not
lines) that has been read so far.
The following flag options are available:
-n is an integer which is the size (in lines) of the window
which more will use instead of the default.
-c more will draw each page by beginning at the top of the
screen and erasing each line just before it draws on it.
This avoids scrolling the screen, making it easier to
read while more is writing. This flag option will be
ignored if the terminal does not have the ability to
clear to the end of a line.
-d causes more to prompt the user with the message Hit
space to continue, Rubout to abort at the end of each
screenful.
-f causes more to count logical, rather than screen lines.
That is, long lines are not folded. This flag option is
recommended if nroff output is being piped through ul,
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since the latter may generate escape sequences. These
escape sequences contain characters which would
ordinarily occupy screen positions, but which do not
print when they are sent to the terminal as part of an
escape sequence. Thus more may think that lines are
longer than they actually are, and fold lines
erroneously.
-l causes more not to treat CONTROL-l (form feed)
specially. If this flag option is not given, more will
pause after any line that contains a CONTROL-l, as if
the end of a screenful had been reached. Also, if a
file begins with a form feed, the screen will be cleared
before the file is printed.
-s Squeeze multiple blank lines from the output, producing
only one blank line. Especially helpful when viewing
nroff output, this flag option maximizes the useful
information present on the screen.
-u Normally, more will handle underlining such as produced
by nroff in a manner appropriate to the particular
terminal: if the terminal can perform underlining or has
a stand-out mode, more will output appropriate escape
sequences to enable underlining or stand-out mode for
underlined information in the source file. The -u flag
option suppresses this processing.
+linenumber
flag option causes more to start up at linenumber
+/pattern
(followed by RETURN or ESCAPE) causes more to start up
two lines before the line containing the regular
expression pattern.
Once inside more, other sequences may be typed when more
pauses. The sequences and their effects are as follows (i
is an optional integer argument, defaulting to 1) :
= display the current line number
v start up the editor vi at the current line
h help command; give a description of all the more
commands
i:n skip to the i-th next file given in the command line
(Skips to last file if i doesn't make sense.)
i:p skip to the i-th previous file given in the command
line. If this command is given in the middle of
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printing out a file, then more goes back to the
beginning of the file. If i doesn't make sense, more
skips back to the first file. If more is not reading
from a file, the bell is rung and nothing else happens.
:f display the current filename and line number.
:q or :Q
exit from more (same as q or Q).
. repeat the previous command.
iz same as typing a space except that i, if present,
becomes the new window size.
is skip i lines and print a screenful of lines
if skip i screenfuls and print a screenful of lines
in search for the i-th occurrence of the last regular
expression entered
q or Q
Exit from more. The interrupt character may also be
used.
i/expr endchar
search for the i-th occurrence of the regular expression
expr. Terminated either by pressing RETURN or the ESC
key. endchar may be either RETURN or ESCAPE. If the
input is a file (rather than a pipe), and there are less
than i occurrences of expr, then the position in the
file remains unchanged and an error message is printed.
If the input is a file (rather than a pipe), and there
are at least i occurrences of expr, a screenful is
displayed, starting two lines before the place where the
expression was found. If the input is a pipe and there
are less than i occurrences of expr, an error message is
printed and more exits (because the entire input stream
has been read). If the input is a pipe and there are at
least i occurrences of expr, a screenful is displayed,
starting on the line where the expression was found.
The user's erase and kill characters may be used to edit
the regular expression. Erasing back past the first
column cancels the search command.
' (single quote) Go to the point from which the last
search started. If no search has been performed in the
current file, this command goes back to the beginning of
the file.
!command
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invoke a shell with command. Terminated either by
pressing RETURN or the ESC key.
Up to the time when the command character itself is given,
the user may hit the line kill character to cancel the
numerical argument being formed. In addition, the user may
hit the erase character to redisplay the --More--(xx%)
message.
:!command
invoke a shell with command. (Same as !command).
CONTROL-l (^L)
The user may redraw the screen by pressing CONTROL-l
(^L).
At any time when output is being sent to the terminal, the
user may press the quit key (normally CONTROL-\). more will
stop sending output, and will display the usual --More--
prompt. The user may then enter one of the above commands
in the normal manner. Unfortunately, some output is lost
when this is done, due to the fact that any characters
waiting in the terminal's output queue are flushed when the
quit signal occurs.
The terminal is set to noecho mode by this program so that
the output can be continuous. What you type will thus not
show on your terminal, except for the / and ! commands.
If the standard output is not a teletype, then more acts
just like cat, except that a header is printed before each
file (if there is more than one).
EXAMPLE
nroff -ms +2 doc.n | more
would show the nroff output on the terminal screen.
FILES
/bin/more
/etc/termcap
/usr/lib/more.help
SEE ALSO
pg(1)
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