iw2(1) iw2(1)
NAME
iw2 - Apple Imagewriter II print filter
SYNOPSIS
iw2 [-a dotspace] [-b] [-c color] [-d] [-D udcfile] [-f]
[-h] [-k mode] [-l language] [-m margin] [-n length]
[-o file] [-p pitch] [-q quality] [-s spacing] [-t tabs]
[-u] [-U udcfile] [-w value] [-x] [-z] [files] ]
DESCRIPTION
The Apple Imagewriter II is a dot matrix printer that works
as a normal ASCII character set printer. It has many
options, including color ribbons, various print qualities,
national language character sets, downloadable fonts, and
more. iw2 is a program that accepts options indicating that
a file or files (or standard input) is to be printed with
various Apple Imagewriter II options set.
iw2 prepares the named files for eventual printing on the
Apple Imagewriter II by sending appropriate Apple
Imagewriter II control codes and then the named files to the
standard output. If no files are specified, the standard
input is assumed. The various features of the Apple
Imagewriter II may be specified by the following flag
options:
-a dotspace Add dot spaces to proportional pitch text. When
the Apple Imagewriter II is printing in a
proportional pitch, the space allotted to each
character depends on the shape of the character.
Each character has one dot space added after it
to keep it from running into the next character.
This option allows additional dot spaces to be
added after each proportional character. From 1
to 6 addtional dot spaces may be added after
each proportional character.
-b Print boldface text. Each dot of the character
is printed twice with a small shift of position.
-c color Print text in color. The Apple Imagewriter II
can print in color by using the color ribbon.
The color ribbon contains four bands of color:
yellow, cyan (greenish-blue), magenta
(purplish-red), and black. In addition, the
Apple Imagewriter II automatically prints
orange, green, and purple by overprinting one
color with another, as shown below.
black Selects the black color ribbon band.
yellow Selects the yellow color ribbon band.
red Actually selects the magenta
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(purplish-red) color ribbon band. You
can specify this color by magenta as
well.
blue Actually selects the cyan (greenish-
blue) color ribbon band. You can
specify this color by cyan as well.
orange Orange will be printed by overprinting
yellow and magenta.
green Green will be printed by overprinting
yellow and cyan.
purple Purple will be printed by overprinting
magenta and cyan.
-d Print double-width characters. Each character
is printed with two dots for every one normally
printed.
-D udcfile This works just like the -U flag option, except
that the the udcfile filename is prefixed with
/usr/lib/iw2/ first. (See the -U flag option
above).
-f An initial formfeed is output before any files
are printed. Generally used with the Apple
Imagewriter II sheetfeeder.
-h Print half-height characters. Half-height
characters are printed by cutting in half the
vertical distance between the rows of dots that
make up the characters.
-k mode Select print direction mode. The Apple
Imagewriter II can print both left-to-right and
bidirectional. Left-to-right, while slower,
improves the precision at which characters line
up.
lr Print left-to-right only.
bi Print bidirectional.
-l language Select language font. There are 8 different
langauge fonts to aid in printing text in other
languages. Each of these fonts substitutes
characters for these ten American font symbols:
# @ [ \ ] ` { | } ~
american Select the American language font.
italian Select the Italian language font.
danish Select the Danish language font.
british Select the British English language
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font.
german Select the German language font.
swedish Select the Swedish language font.
french Select the French language font.
spanish Select the Spanish language font.
-m margin Specify the left page margin. This sets the
leftmost column to start printing in. Normally
zero, column number may be set from zero
(leftmost) to a value thats depends on the
current character pitch, as shown in the table
below.
pitch chars/line range
_____________________________
9 72 0 to 71
10 80 0 to 79
12 96 0 to 95
13.4 107 0 to 106
15 120 0 to 119
17 136 0 to 135
pica depends 0 to 71
elite depends 0 to 79
For the proportional fonts, elite uses 10
characters per inch, and pica uses 12 characters
per inch when setting the margin.
-n length Specify page length. This is the page length in
inches. Integer values only. If the number is
preceded by a ``/'', it will be considered as
length/144'ths of an inch, i.e., both -n 11 and
-n /1584 will set a page length of 11 inches.
-o file Specified an output file. By default, iw2
writes to the standard output. This option will
redirect the output to file.
-p pitch Specify pitch, or characters per inch. The
Apple Imagewriter II prints in eight different
widths (character pitches), from 9 characters
per inch (cpi) to 17 cpi. Two of the character
pitches print proportionally; that is, the space
allotted to each character depends on the shape
of the character.
9 Print at 9 cpi, for 72 characters per line.
10 Print at 10 cpi, for 80 characters per
line.
12 Print at 12 cpi, for 96 characters per
line.
13 Print at 13.4 cpi, for 107 characters per
line. 13.4 may also be specified.
15 Print at 15 cpi, for 120 characters per
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line.
17 Print at at 17 cpi, for 136 characters per
line.
pica Print Pica proportional font. Averages 10
cpi.
elite
Print Elite proportional font. Averages 12
cpi.
-q quality Specify quality of printing. The Apple
Imagewriter II can print ASCII test in of three
qualities: draft (250 cps), correspondence(180
cps), and near letter quality (45 cps).
draft Print in draft quality mode.
better Print in better, or correspondence
quality mode.
nlq Print in best, near letter quality.
You may also specify best for this
mode.
-s spacing Specify spacing, or distance between lines.
This value can be specified in two ways.
2 Set line spacing to 2 lines per inch.
3 Set line spacing to 3 lines per inch.
4 Set line spacing to 4 lines per inch.
6 Set line spacing to 6 lines per inch.
8 Set line spacing to 8 lines per inch.
9 Set line spacing to 9 lines per inch.
Or the value can have a slash (``/'') prepended to it. This
value then indicates line spacing 144'ths of an inch. For
example, three lines per inch would be a spacing of of
48/144'ths, and could be specified by either -s 3 or -s
/48.
-t tabs Specify tab settings. Default tabs are set every
8 columns (9, 17, 25, ...). This flag option
may be used to set custom tab stops. Use of
this options clears all default tab stops. Tabs
are specified by numbers followed by commas.
For example, to set tabs every four columns (up
to column 25):
-t 5,9,13,17,21,25
The highest legal column to set the tab stop on
must lie in the left margin range. See the -b
flag option for the margin range table.
-u This flag option cause all characters and spaces
to be underlined.
-U udcfile Loads user defined characters from the file
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udcfile. See below for the definition of the
contents of a udcfile.
-w value Set dot spacing for proportional pitch text.
When the Apple Imagewriter II is printing in a
proportional pitch, the space allotted to each
character depends on the shape of the character.
Each character has one dot space added after it
to keep it from running into the next character.
This flag option allows setting dot spaces for
the proportional character set. Dot spacing may
be set from 0 to 9 dot spaces. Each
proportional character will always include one
dot space, thus the settings of 0 through nine
allow set dot spacing from 1 to 10.
-x This flag option resets the Apple Imagewriter II
initialization sequences (that set the default
settings). In this program, first the default
sequences (see ``DEFAULTS'' below), then the
environment variable, then the options are
processed. This flag option, when encountered,
resets the buffer holding the initialization
sequences that were built by processing the
default and environmental variable.
-z This specifies that all zeros are to be printed
with a slash through them.
UDC FILES
A UDC (user defined character) file consists of ASCII text
that defines the bit patterns that make up a character.
More than one character can be defined in a UDC file, and
any character may be redefined. Characters that are not
defined in a UDC file print out as the normal ASCII
character bit pattern. For example, to define the ASCII
space character (SP) to be something that resembles an
upside down and backwards capital L:
=040
1####.
2...#.
3...#.
4...#.
5...#.
6...#.
7...#.
8...#.
In a UDC file, each character is defined by nine text lines.
The first line starts with an equal sign (``=''), and is
followed by an octal, decimal, or hexadecimal number that
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indicates the character to be defined. Octal, decimal, or
hexadecimal is selected by using the standard C language
conventions.
The next 8 lines defined the 8 rows of the character.
Notice that the lines are numbered. These numbers
correspond to the nine-wire print head. You are limited to
only 8 rows, so you can specify rows 1 through 8, or rows 2
through 9. Each line contains a period (``.'') to indicate
no dot, and a pound sign (``#'') to indicate dot. The width
of the character is computed by the longest line encountered
in the 8 lines. You should place extra periods at the right
columns of the character definition to allow for space
between it and the adjacent character.
For example, below we have redefined the letter ``A'' to be
a vertical bar, with a small amount of space between it and
the character on its left, and a lot of space between it and
the character on the right.
=0x41
1.##...
2.##...
3.##...
4.##...
5.##...
6.##...
7.##...
8.##...
The maximum width of any character is 16 columns of dots.
NOTES
Using the -x flag option, you can get the specific character
strings needed to set various Apple Imagewriter II
capabilities, without knowing the machine dependent codes.
For example, if you wished to print a file, using pr (1),
but wished the header to be in red, with the rest of the
file in black, you could do the following:
set red=`iw2 -x -c red < /dev/null`
black=`iw2 -x -c black < /dev/null`
pr -h "$red this is the heading $black" $1 | lp
Or if you wanted to change the word ``red'' in the file
foobar to print in the color red, you could do:
set red=`iw2 -x -c red < /dev/null`
set black=`iw2 -x -c black < /dev/null`
sed s/red/"$red"red"$black"/g foobar | lp
Always remember that you set and unset the capability, or
the characters following what you have set will remain that
way. Also note that in the ``set red'' and ``set black''
lines is the ```\fR'' character (the ASCII character with
the value of hexadecimal 60).
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DEFAULTS
Draft font Standard ASCII
American language Pitch is 12 cpi (Elite)
Black color Set default tabs every 8 columns (12 cpi)
Stop double width print Stop underlining
Stop boldface Stop half-height text
Stop sub/super scripting Zeros unslashed
Set left margin at 0 Set page length to 11 inches
Bidirectional printing 6 lines per inch spacing
Forward line feeding Paper-out sensor on
Insert CR before LF/FF No LF when line is full
CR, LF, FF cause printing Ignore 8th data bit
Perforation skip disabled Dot spacing is zero
ENVIRONMENT
The environment variable APPLE_IMAGEWRITER_II_PRINT_OPTIONS
can be used to supply default print options. All options
may be specified in the environment variable. In the C
shell, a typical setting of the environment variable would
be:
setenv APPLE_IMAGEWRITER_II_PRINT_OPTIONS "-c red -q better"
EXAMPLES
iw2 -c red -q nlq -l british
SEE ALSO
lp(1).
FILES
/usr/bin/iw2
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