MTERM(1) BSD MTERM(1)
NAME
mterm - Motif terminal emulator for X
SYNOPSIS
mterm [-toolkitoption ...] [-option ...]
DESCRIPTION
The mterm program is a terminal emulator for the X Window System. It
provides DEC VT102 compatible terminals for programs that can't use the
window system directly. If the underlying operating system supports
terminal resizing capabilities (for example, the SIGWINCH signal in
systems derived from 4.3bsd), mterm will use the facilities to notify
programs running in the window whenever it is resized.
OPTIONS
The mterm terminal emulator accepts all of the standard X Toolkit command
line options along with the additional options listed below (if the
option begins with a `+' instead of a `-', the option is restored to its
default value):
-help This causes mterm to print out a verbose message describing its
options.
-132 Normally, the VT102 DECCOLM escape sequence that switches between
80 and 132 column mode is ignored. This option causes the
DECCOLM escape sequence to be recognized, and the mterm window
will resize appropriately.
-ah This option indicates that mterm should always highlight the text
cursor and borders. By default, mterm will display a hollow text
cursor whenever the focus is lost or the pointer leaves the
window.
+ah This option indicates that mterm should do text cursor
highlighting.
-b number
This option specifies the size of the inner border (the distance
between the outer edge of the characters and the window border)
in pixels. The default is 2.
-cc characterclassrange:value[,...]
This sets classes indicated by the given ranges for using in
selecting by words. See the section specifying character
classes.
-cr color
This option specifies the color to use for text cursor. The
default is to use the same foreground color that is used for
text.
-cu This option indicates that mterm should work around a bug in the
curses(3x) cursor motion package that causes the more(1) program
to display lines that are exactly the width of the window and are
followed by a line beginning with a tab to be displayed
incorrectly (the leading tabs are not displayed).
+cu This option indicates that that mterm should not work around the
curses(3x) bug mentioned above.
-e program [arguments ...]
This option specifies the program (and its command line
arguments) to be run in the mterm window. It also sets the
window title and icon name to be the basename of the program
being executed if neither -T nor -n are given on the command
line. This must be the last option on the command line.
-fb font
This option specifies a font to be used when displaying bold
text. This font must be the same height and width as the normal
font. If only one of the normal or bold fonts is specified, it
will be used as the normal font and the bold font will be
produced by overstriking this font. The default is to do
overstriking of the normal font.
-j This option indicates that mterm should do jump scrolling.
Normally, text is scrolled one line at a time; this option allows
mterm to move multiple lines at a time so that it doesn't fall as
far behind. Its use is strongly recommended since it make mterm
much faster when scanning through large amounts of text. The
VT100 escape sequences for enabling and disabling smooth scroll
as well as the ``Modes'' menu can be used to turn this feature on
or off.
+j This option indicates that mterm should not do jump scrolling.
-l This option indicates that mterm should send all terminal output
to a log file as well as to the screen. This option can be
enabled or disabled using the ``mterm X11'' menu.
+l This option indicates that mterm should not do logging.
-lf filename
This option specifies the name of the file to which the output
log described above is written. If file begins with a pipe
symbol (|), the rest of the string is assumed to be a command to
be used as the endpoint of a pipe. The default filename is
``MtermLog.XXXXX'' (where XXXXX is the process id of mterm) and
is created in the directory from which mterm was started (or the
user's home directory in the case of a login window).
-ls This option indicates that the shell that is started in the mterm
window be a login shell (i.e. the first character of argv[0] will
be a dash, indicating to the shell that it should read the user's
.login or .profile).
+ls This option indicates that the shell that is started should not
be a login shell (i.e. it will be a normal ``subshell'').
-mb This option indicates that mterm should ring a margin bell when
the user types near the right end of a line. This option can be
turned on and off from the ``Modes'' menu.
+mb This option indicates that margin bell should not be rung.
-ms color
This option specifies the color to be used for the pointer
cursor. The default is to use the foreground color.
-nb number
This option specifies the number of characters from the right end
of a line at which the margin bell, if enabled, will ring. The
default is 10.
-rw This option indicates that reverse-wraparound should be allowed.
This allows the cursor to back up from the leftmost column of one
line to the rightmost column of the previous line. This is very
useful for editing long shell command lines and is encouraged.
This option can be turned on and off from the ``Modes'' menu.
+rw This option indicates that reverse-wraparound should not be
allowed.
-s This option indicates that mterm may scroll asynchronously,
meaning that the screen does not have to be kept completely up to
date while scrolling. This allows mterm to run faster when
network latencies are very high and is typically useful when
running across a very large internet or many gateways.
+s This option indicates that mterm should scroll synchronously.
-sb This option indicates that some number of lines that are scrolled
off the top of the window should be saved and that a scrollbar
should be displayed so that those lines can be viewed. This
option may be turned on and off from the ``Modes'' menu.
+sb This option indicates that a scrollbar should not be displayed.
-sf This option indicates that Sun Function Key escape codes should
be generated for function keys.
+sf This option indicates that the standard escape codes should be
generated for function keys.
-si This option indicates that output to a window should not
automatically reposition the screen to the bottom of the
scrolling region. This option can be turned on and off from the
``Modes'' menu.
+si This option indicates that output to a window should cause it to
scroll to the bottom.
-sk This option indicates that pressing a key while using the
scrollbar to review previous lines of text should cause the
window to be repositioned automatically in the normal postion at
the bottom of the scroll region.
+sk This option indicates that pressing a key while using the
scrollbar should not cause the window to be repositioned.
-sl number
This option specifies the number of lines to save that have been
scrolled off the top of the screen. The default is 64.
-tm string
This option specifies a series of terminal setting keywords
followed by the characters that should be bound to those
functions, similar to the stty program. Allowable keywords
include: intr, quit, erase, kill, eof, eol, swtch, start, stop,
brk, susp, dsusp, rprnt, flush, weras, and lnext. Control
characters may be specified as ^char (e.g. ^c or ^u) and ^? may
be used to indicate delete.
-tn name
This option specifies the name of the terminal type to be set in
the TERM environment variable. This terminal type must exist in
the termcap(5) database and should have li# and co# entries.
-um This option turns on the Motif menubar, and turns off the pop-up
menus.
+um This option turns off the Motif menubar, and turns on the pop-up
menus. Pop-up menus are activated by pressing mouse button 3 or
F4.
-ut This option indicates that mterm shouldn't write a record into
the the system log file /etc/utmp.
+ut This option indicates that mterm should write a record into the
system log file /etc/utmp.
-vb This option indicates that a visual bell is preferred over an
audible one. Instead of ringing the terminal bell whenever a
Control-G is received, the window will be flashed.
+vb This option indicates that a visual bell should not be used.
-wf This option indicates that mterm should wait for the window to be
mapped the first time before starting the subprocess so that the
initial terminal size settings and environment variables are
correct. It is the application's responsibility to catch
subsequent terminal size changes.
+wf This option indicates that mterm should not wait before starting
the subprocess.
-C This option indicates that this window should receive console
output. This is not supported on all systems.
-Sccn This option specifies the last two letters of the name of a
pseudoterminal to use in slave mode. This allows mterm to be
used as an input and output channel for an existing program and
is sometimes used in specialized applications.
The following standard X Toolkit command line arguments are commonly used
with mterm:
-bg color
This option specifies the color to use for the background of the
window. The default is ``white.''
-bd color
This option specifies the color to use for the border of the
window. The default is ``black.''
-bw number
This option specifies the width in pixels of the border
surrounding the window.
-fg color
This option specifies the color to use for displaying text. The
default is ``black''.
-fn font
This option specifies the font to be used for displaying normal
text. The default is fixed.
-name name
This option specifies the application name under which resources
are to be obtained, rather than the default executable file name.
Name should not contain ``.'' or ``*'' characters.
-title string
This option specifies the window title string, which may be
displayed by window managers if the user so chooses. The default
title is the command line specified after the -e option, if any,
otherwise the application name.
-rv This option indicates that reverse video should be simulated by
swapping the foreground and background colors.
-geometry geometry
This option specifies the preferred size and position of the
VT102 window; see X(1).
-display display
This option specifies the X server to contact; see X(1).
-xrm resourcestring
This option specifies a resource string to be used. This is
especially useful for setting resources that do not have separate
command line options.
-iconic This option indicates that mterm should ask the window manager to
start it as an icon rather than as the normal window.
X DEFAULTS
The program understands all of the core X Toolkit resource names and
classes as well as:
iconGeometry (class IconGeometry)
Specifies the preferred size and position of the application when
iconified. It is not necessarily obeyed by all window managers.
termName (class TermName)
Specifies the terminal type name to be set in the TERM
environment variable.
title (class Title)
Specifies a string that may be used by the window manager when
displaying this application.
ttyModes (class TtyModes)
Specifies a string containing terminal setting keywords and the
characters to which they may be bound. Allowable keywords
include: intr, quit, erase, kill, eof, eol, swtch, start, stop,
brk, susp, dsusp, rprnt, flush, weras, and lnext. Control
characters may be specified as ^char (e.g. ^c or ^u) and ^? may
be used to indicate delete. This is very useful for overriding
the default terminal settings without having to do an stty every
time an mterm is started.
utmpInhibit (class UtmpInhibit)
Specifies whether or not mterm should try to record the user's
terminal in /etc/utmp.
sunFunctionKeys (class SunFunctionKeys)
Specifies whether or not Sun Function Key escape codes should be
generated for function keys instead of standard escape sequences.
The following resources are specified as part of the ``vt100'' widget
(class ``VT100''):
allowSendEvents (class AllowSendEvents)
Specifies whether or not synthetic key and button events
(generated using the X protocol SendEvent request) should be
interpreted or discarded. The default is ``false'' which means
they are discarded. Note that allowing such events creates a
very large security hole.
alwaysHighlight (class AlwaysHighlight)
Specifies whether or not mterm should always display a
highlighted text cursor. By default, a hollow text cursor is
displayed whenever the pointer moves out of the window or the
window loses the input focus.
font (class Font)
Specifies the name of the normal font for the vt100 widget. The
default is ``vtsingle.'' fontList (class FontList) Specifies the
font(s) to be used in Motif widgets such as the menu system.
boldFont (class Font)
Specifies the name of the bold font for the vt100 widget to use
instead of overstriking.
c132 (class C132)
Specifies whether or not the VT102 DECCOLM escape sequence should
be honored. The default is ``false.''
charClass (class CharClass)
Specifies comma-separated lists of character class bindings of
the form [low-]high:value. These are used in determining which
sets of characters should be treated the same when doing cut and
paste. See the section on specifying character classes.
curses (class Curses)
Specifies whether or not the last column bug in curses(3x) should
be worked around. The default is ``false.''
background (class Background)
Specifies the color to use for the background of the window. The
default is ``white.''
foreground (class Foreground)
Specifies the color to use for displaying text in the window.
Setting the class name instead of the instance name is an easy
way to have everything that would normally appear in the "text"
color change color. The default is ``black.''
cursorColor (class Foreground)
Specifies the color to use for the text cursor. The default is
``black.''
geometry (class Geometry)
Specifies the preferred size and position of the VT102 window.
internalBorder (class BorderWidth)
Specifies the number of pixels between the characters and the
window border. The default is 2.
jumpScroll (class JumpScroll)
Specifies whether or not jump scroll should be used. The default
is ``false''.
logFile (class Logfile)
Specifies the name of the file to which a terminal session is
logged. The default is ``MtermLog.XXXXX'' (where XXXXX is the
process id of mterm).
logging (class Logging)
Specifies whether or not a terminal session should be logged.
The default is ``false.''
logInhibit (class LogInhibit)
Specifies whether or not terminal session logging should be
inhibited. The default is ``false.''
loginShell (class LoginShell)
Specifies whether or not the shell to be run in the window should
be started as a login shell. The default is ``false.''
marginBell (class MarginBell)
Specifies whether or not the bell should be run when the user
types near the right margin. The default is ``false.''
menuBar (class MenuBar)
Specifies whether the Motif menubar is enabled (``true'') or the
pop-up menus are enabled (``false''). The default is ``true.''
multiScroll (class MultiScroll)
Specifies whether or not asynchronous scrolling is allowed. The
default is ``false.''
nMarginBell (class Column)
Specifies the number of characters from the right margin at which
the margin bell should be run, when enabled.
pointerBlank (class PointerBlank)
Specifies whether or not mterm will put the pointer cursor into
blanking mode. IN blanking mode, the pointer cursor will turn on
when the pointer is moved, and will be blanked after a selectable
number of seconds. The delay is set via the pointerBlankDelay
resource. The default is ``false.''
pointerBlankDelay (class PointerBlankDelay)
Specifies the number of seconds to wait before the pointer cursor
is blanked (after the pointer is moved). The default is 3
seconds.
pointerColor (class Foreground)
Specifies the color of the pointer. The default is ``black.''
pointerShape (class Cursor)
Specifies the name of the shape of the pointer. The default is
``mterm.''
reverseVideo (class ReverseVideo)
Specifies whether or not reverse video should be simulated. The
default is ``false.''
reverseWrap (class ReverseWrap)
Specifies whether or not reverse-wraparound should be enabled.
The default is ``false.''
saveLines (class SaveLines)
Specifies the number of lines to save beyond the top of the
screen when a scrollbar is turned on. The default is 64.
scrollBar (class ScrollBar)
Specifies whether or not the scrollbar should be displayed. The
default is ``false.''
scrollInput (class ScrollCond)
Specifies whether or not output to the terminal should
automatically cause the scrollbar to go to the bottom of the
scrolling region. The default is ``true.''
scrollKey (class ScrollCond)
Specifies whether or not pressing a key should automatically
cause the scrollbar to go to the bottom of the scrolling region.
The default is ``false.''
scrollLines (class ScrollLines)
Specifies the number of lines that the scroll-back and scroll-
forw actions should use as a default. The default value is 1.
signalInhibit (class SignalInhibit)
Specifies whether or not the entries in the Control menu for
sending signals to mterm should be disallowed. The default is
``false.''
titeInhibit (class TiteInhibit)
Specifies whether or not mterm should remove remove ti or te
termcap entries (used to switch between alternate screens on
startup of many screen-oriented programs) from the TERMCAP
string.
translations (class Translations)
Specifies the key and button bindings for menus, selections,
``programmed strings'', etc. See KEY/BUTTON BINDINGS below.
visualBell (class VisualBell)
Specifies whether or not a visible bell (i.e. flashing) should be
used instead of an audible bell when Control-G is received. The
default is ``false.''
waitForMap (class WaitForMap)
Specifies whether or not mterm should wait for the initial window
map before starting the subprocess. The default is ``false.''
The mterm menu system is made up of Motif menu elements. Each widget has
resources that can be set. Please refer to the motif man pages for the
classes specified. The menu system widget hierarchy for the main, VT,
and paste windows are listed below:
Control:
main (class XmCascadeButton)
Specifies the mterm main menu.
main_mb.securekbd (class XmToggleButton)
main_mb.logging (class XmToggleButton)
main_mb.redraw (class XmPushButton)
main_mb.line1 (class XmSeparator)
main_mb.suspend (class XmPushButton)
main_mb.continue (class XmPushButton)
main_mb.interrupt (class XmPushButton)
main_mb.hangup (class XmPushButton)
main_mb.terminate (class XmPushButton)
main_mb.kill (class XmPushButton)
main_mb.line2 (class XmSeparator)
main_mb.quit (class XmPushButton)
Setup:
VT (class XmCascadeButton)
Specifies the mterm VT menu.
VT_mb.scrollbar (class XmToggleButton)
VT_mb.jumpscroll (class XmToggleButton)
VT_mb.reversevideo (class XmToggleButton)
VT_mb.autowrap (class XmToggleButton)
VT_mb.reversewrap (class XmToggleButton)
VT_mb.autolinefeed (class XmToggleButton)
VT_mb.appcursor (class XmToggleButton)
VT_mb.appkeypad (class XmToggleButton)
VT_mb.scrollkey (class XmToggleButton)
VT_mb.scrollinput (class XmToggleButton)
VT_mb.allow132 (class XmToggleButton)
VT_mb.cursesemul (class XmToggleButton)
VT_mb.visualbell (class XmToggleButton)
VT_mb.marginbell (class XmToggleButton)
VT_mb.altscreen (class XmToggleButton)
VT_mb.line1 (class XmSeparator)
VT_mb.softreset (class XmPushButton)
VT_mb.hardreset (class XmPushButton)
Paste:
paste (class XmCascadeButton)
Specifies the mterm paste menu.
paste_mb.pasteclipboard XmPushButton
paste_mb.pastecutbuffer XmPushButton
EMULATIONS
The VT102 emulation is fairly complete, but does not support the blinking
character attribute nor the double-wide and double-size character sets.
Termcap(5) entries that work with mterm include ``mterm'', ``vt102'',
``vt100'' and ``ansi'', and mterm automatically searches the termcap file
in this order for these entries and then sets the ``TERM'' and the
``TERMCAP'' environment variables.
Many of the special mterm features (like logging) may be modified under
program control through a set of escape sequences different from the
standard VT102 escape sequences. (See mterm(7), the ``mterm Control
Sequences'' document.)
POINTER USAGE
Once the VT102 window is created, mterm allows you to select text and
copy it within the same or other windows.
The assignment of the functions described below to keys and buttons may
be changed through the resource database; see KEY/BUTTON BINDINGS below.
Pointer button one (usually left) is used to save text into the cut
buffer. Move the cursor to the beginning of the text, and then hold the
button down while moving the cursor to the end of the region and
releasing the button. The selected text is highlighted and is saved in
the global cut buffer and made the PRIMARY selection when the button is
released. Double-clicking selects by words. Triple-clicking selects by
lines. Quadruple-clicking goes back to characters, etc. Multiple-click
is determined by the time from button up to button down, so you can
change the selection unit in the middle of a selection. If the
key/button bindings specify that an X selection is to be made, mterm will
leave the selected text highlighted for as long as it is the selection
owner.
Pointer button two (usually middle) `types' (pastes) the text from the
PRIMARY selection, if any, otherwise from the cut buffer, inserting it as
keyboard input.
Shift pointer button one extends the current selection. (Without loss of
generality, that is you can swap ``right'' and ``left'' everywhere in the
rest of this paragraph...) If pressed while closer to the right edge of
the selection than the left, it extends/contracts the right edge of the
selection. If you contract the selection past the left edge of the
selection, mterm assumes you really meant the left edge, restores the
original selection, then extends/contracts the left edge of the
selection. Extension starts in the selection unit mode that the last
selection or extension was performed in; you can multiple-click to cycle
through them.
By cutting and pasting pieces of text without trailing new lines, you can
take text from several places in different windows and form a command to
the shell, for example, or take output from a program and insert it into
your favorite editor. Since the cut buffer is globally shared among
different applications, you should regard it as a `file' whose contents
you know. The terminal emulator and other text programs should be
treating it as if it were a text file; i.e. the text is delimited by new
lines.
SCROLLBAR
A ScrollBar consists of two arrows placed at each end of a rectangle.
The rectangle is called the scroll region. A smaller rectangle, called
the slider, is placed within the scroll region. The data is scrolled by
selecting on either arrow or the scroll region, or by dragging the
slider. When an arrow is selected, the slider within the scroll region
will be moved in the direction of the arrow by an amount supplied by the
application. If the mouse button is held down, the slider will continue
to move at a constant rate.
Clicking mouse button one in either arrow will scroll one line in the
corresponding direction. Clicking mouse button one in the scroll region
will scroll one page in the corresponding direction. Holding down mouse
button one on the slider and moving it up or down will scroll the text
window accordingly.
MENUS
mterm has three different menus, named control, setup, and paste. Each
menu pops up under the correct combinations of key and button presses.
Most menus are divided into sections, separated by horizontal lines. The
top portion contains various modes that can be altered. A filled box
appears next to a mode that is currently active. Selecting one of these
modes toggles its state. The bottom portion of the menu is command
entries; selecting one of these performs the indicated function.
The menus pull down when mouse button one is pressed with the pointer
cursor in the menubar. When using pop-up menus, pressing mouse button
three will post the menu selector.
The Secure Keyboard mode should be used when typing in passwords or other
sensitive data; see SECURITY below. Notable entries in the command
section of the menu are the Continue, Suspend, Interrupt, Hangup,
Terminate and Kill which sends the SIGCONT, SIGTSTP, SIGINT, SIGHUP,
SIGTERM and SIGKILL signals, respectively, to the process group of the
process running under mterm (usually the shell). The Continue function
is especially useful if the user has accidentally typed CTRL-Z,
suspending the process.
The setup menu sets various modes in the VT102 emulation when the
``control'' key and pointer button two are pressed in the VT102 window.
In the command section of this menu, the soft reset entry will reset
scroll regions. This can be convenient when some program has left the
scroll regions set incorrectly (often a problem when using VMS or TOPS-
20). The full reset entry will clear the screen, reset tabs to every
eight columns, and reset the terminal modes (such as wrap and smooth
scroll) to their initial states just after mterm has finished processing
the command line options.
SECURITY
X environments differ in their security conciousness. The servers
provided by MIT use a host-based mechanism to control access to the
server (see xhost(1)). If you enable access for a host, and other users
are also permitted to run clients on that host, there is the possibility
that someone will run an application that will attempt to use the basic
services of the X protocol to snoop on your activities, and potentially
capture a transcript of everything you type at the keyboard. This is of
particular concern when you want to type in a password or other sensitive
data. The best solution to this problem is for the industry to choose a
standard authorization mechanism, with the necessary operating system
support, and to incorporate this into the X protocol (which is already
designed to handle such a mechanism). In the mean time, since passwords
are most commonly typed to something running in an mterm window, a simple
mechanism exists for protecting keyboard input in mterm.
The mterm menu (see MENUS above) contains a Secure Keyboard entry which,
when enabled, ensures that all keyboard input is directed only to mterm
(using the GrabKeyboard protocol request). When an application prompts
you for a password (or other sensitive data), you can enable Secure
Keyboard using the menu, type in the data, and then disable Secure
Keyboard using the menu again. Only one X client at a time can secure
the keyboard, so when you attempt to enable Secure Keyboard it may fail.
In this case, the bell will sound. If the Secure Keyboard succeeds, the
foreground and background colors will be exchanged (as if you selected
the Reverse Video entry in the Modes menu); they will be exchanged again
when you exit secure mode. If the colors do not switch, then you should
be very suspicious that you are being spoofed. If the application you
are running displays a prompt before asking for the password, it is
safest to enter secure mode before the prompt gets displayed, and to make
sure that the prompt gets displayed correctly (in the new colors), to
minimize the probability of spoofing. You can also bring up the menu
again and make sure that a check mark appears next to the entry.
Secure Keyboard mode will be disabled automatically if your mterm window
becomes iconified (or otherwise unmapped), or if you start up a
reparenting window manager (that places a title bar or other decoration
around the window) while in Secure Keyboard mode. (This is a feature of
the X protocol not easily overcome.) When this happens, the foreground
and background colors will be switched back and the bell will sound in
warning.
CHARACTER CLASSES
Clicking mouse button one twice in rapid succession will cause all
characters of the same class (e.g. letters, white space, punctuation) to
be selected. Since different people have different preferences for what
should be selected (for example, should filenames be selected as a whole
or only the separate subnames), the default mapping can be overridden
through the use of the charClass (class CharClass) resource.
This resource is simply a list of range:value pairs where the range is
either a single number or low-high in the range of 0 to 127,
corresponding to the ASCII code for the character or characters to be
set. The value is arbitrary, although the default table uses the
character number of the first character occurring in the set.
The default table is:
static int charClass[128] = {
/* NUL SOH STX ETX EOT ENQ ACK BEL */
32, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* BS HT NL VT NP CR SO SI */
1, 32, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* DLE DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 NAK SYN ETB */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* CAN EM SUB ESC FS GS RS US */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* SP ! " # $ % & ' */
32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39,
/* ( ) * + , - . / */
40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47,
/* 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* 8 9 : ; < = > ? */
48, 48, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63,
/* @ A B C D E F G */
64, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* H I J K L M N O */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* P Q R S T U V W */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ */
48, 48, 48, 91, 92, 93, 94, 48,
/* ` a b c d e f g */
96, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* h i j k l m n o */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* p q r s t u v w */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* x y z { | } ~ DEL */
48, 48, 48, 123, 124, 125, 126, 1};
For example, the string ``33:48,37:48,45-47:48,64:48'' indicates that the
exclamation mark, percent sign, dash, period, slash, and ampersand
characters should be treated the same way as characters and numbers.
This is very useful for cutting and pasting electronic mailing addresses
and UNIX filenames.
KEY TRANSLATIONS
It is possible to rebind keys (or sequences of keys) to arbitrary strings
for input, by changing the translations for the VT100 widgets. Changing
the translations for events other than key and button events is not
expected, and will cause unpredictable behavior.
The actions available for key translations are:
secure() Toggles the Secure Keyboard mode; see SECURITY.
insert-seven-bit()
Processes the key in the normal way; i.e. inserts the ISO
Latin 1 character code corresponding to the keysym found
in the keyboard mapping table into the input stream.
insert-eight-bit()
Processes the key the same as insert-seven-bit() but
forces the eighth bit to be set.
string(string) Rebinds the key or key sequence to the string value; that
is, inserts the string argument into the input stream.
Quotation is necessary if the string contains whitespace
or non-alphanumeric characters. If the string argument
begins with the characters ``0x'', it is interpreted as a
hex character constant and the corresponding character is
sent in the normal way.
keymap(name) The keymap action takes a single string argument naming a
resource to be used to dynamically define a new
translation table; the name of the resource is obtained by
appending the string ``Keymap'' to name. The keymap name
None restores the original translation table (the very
first one; a stack is not maintained). Upper/lowercase is
significant.
insert-selection(name[,name]...)
Retrieves the value of the first (leftmost) named
selection that exists or cut buffer that is non-empty and
inserts the value into the input stream. Name is the name
of any selection, for example, PRIMARY or SECONDARY, or
the name of a cut buffer: CUT_BUFFER0, ..., CUT_BUFFER7.
Upper/lowercase is significant.
For example, a debugging session might benefit from the following
bindings:
*VT100.Translations: #override <Key>F13: keymap(dbx)
*VT100.dbxKeymap.translations: \
<Key>F14: keymap(None) \n\
<Key>F17: string("next") string(0x0d) \n\
<Key>F18: string("step") string(0x0d) \n\
<Key>F19: string("continue") string(0x0d) \n\
<Key>F20: string("print ") insert-selection(PRIMARY, CUT_BUFFER0)
KEY/BUTTON BINDINGS
Within the VT100 widget the key and button bindings for selecting text,
pasting text, and activating the menus are controlled by the translation
bindings. In addition to the actions listed above under KEY
TRANSLATIONS, the following actions are available:
post-menu() Posts the menu, only if menu pop-ups are selected.
select-start() Unselects any previously selected text and begins
selecting new text.
select-extend()
Continues selecting text from the previous starting
position.
start-extend() Begins extending the selection from the farthest (left or
right) edge.
select-end(name[,name]...)
Ends the text selection. Name is the name of a selection,
or the name of a cut buffer into which the text is to be
copied. mterm will assert ownership of all the selections
named and will copy the text into each of the cut buffers.
Upper/lowercase is significant.
select-cursor-start()
Like select-start, but uses the text cursor position
instead of the pointer position.
start-cursor-extend()
Like start-extend, but uses the text cursor position
instead of the pointer position.
select-cursor-end(name[,name]...)
Like select-end, but uses the text cursor position instead
of the pointer position.
ignore() Quietly discards the key or button event.
bell([volume]) Rings the bell at the specified volume increment
above/below the base volume.
scroll-back([number,[units]])
Scrolls the window backwards the indicated number of units
(pages, halfpages, lines, or pixels). If units are not
specified, lines are assumed. If no number is specified,
the value of the scrollLines resource (which defaults to
1) is used.
scroll-forw([number,[units]])
Scrolls the window forward. The arguments are the same as
for scroll-back.
The default bindings are:
<KeyPress> UpBox: scroll-back(1,halfpage)
<KeyPress> DownBox: scroll-forw(1,halfpage)
Shift <KeyPress> Up: scroll-back(1,line)
Shift <KeyPress> Down: scroll-forw(1,line)
<KeyPress> Copy: select-cursor-start() select-cursor-end
(PRIMARY, CLIPBOARD, CUT_BUFFER0)
<KeyPress> Paste: insert-selection(CLIPBOARD, CUT_BUFFER0)
~Meta <KeyPress>: insert-seven-bit()
Meta <KeyPress>: insert-eight-bit()
Shift ~Meta <Btn1Down>: select-start()
Shift ~Meta <Btn1Down>: start-extend()
~Meta <Btn1Motion>: select-extend()
~Meta <Btn1Up>: select-end(PRIMARY, CLIPBOARD, CUT_BUFFER0)
~Meta <Btn2Down>: ignore()
~Meta <Btn2Up>: insert-selection(CLIPBOARD, CUT_BUFFER0)
<Btn3Down>: post-menu()
<BtnDown>: bell(0)
OTHER FEATURES
mterm automatically highlights the window border and text cursor when the
pointer enters the window (selected) and unhighlights them when the
pointer leaves the window (unselected). If the window is the focus
window, then the window is highlighted no matter where the pointer is.
In VT102 mode, there are escape sequences to activate and deactivate an
alternate screen buffer, which is the same size as the display area of
the window. When activated, the current screen is saved and replaced
with the alternate screen. Saving of lines scrolled off the top of the
window is disabled until the normal screen is restored. The termcap(5)
entry for mterm allows the visual editor vi(1) to switch to the alternate
screen for editing, and restore the screen on exit.
In VT102 mode, there are escape sequences to change the name of the
windows and to specify a new log file name.
ENVIRONMENT
mterm sets the environment variables ``TERM'' and ``TERMCAP'' properly
for the size window you have created. It also uses and sets the
environment variable ``DISPLAY'' to specify which bit map display
terminal to use. The environment variable ``WINDOWID'' is set to the X
window id number of the mterm window.
SEE ALSO
resize(1), X(1), vt100(1), pty(4), tty(4)
XmCascadeButton(3X), XmPushButton(3X),
XmSeparator(3X), XmScrollBar(3X)
mterm(7)
BUGS
The class name is MTerm instead of Mterm.
mterm will hang forever if you try to paste too much text at one time.
It is both producer and consumer for the pty and can deadlock.
Variable-width fonts are not handled reasonably.
The focus is considered lost if some other client (e.g., the window
manager) grabs the pointer; it is difficult to do better without an
addition to the protocol.
Many of the options are not resettable after mterm starts.
This manual page is too long. There should be a separate users manual
defining all of the non-standard escape sequences.
All programs should be written to use X directly; then we could eliminate
this program.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 1989, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
See X(1) for a full statement of rights and permissions.
AUTHORS
Far too many people, including:
Loretta Guarino Reid (DEC-UEG-WSL), Joel McCormack (DEC-UEG-WSL), Terry
Weissman (DEC-UEG-WSL), Edward Moy (Berkeley), Ralph R. Swick (MIT-
Athena), Mark Vandevoorde (MIT-Athena), Bob McNamara (DEC-MAD), Jim
Gettys (MIT-Athena), Bob Scheifler (MIT X Consortium), Doug Mink (SAO),
Steve Pitschke (Stellar), Ron Newman (MIT-Athena), Jim Fulton (MIT X
Consortium), Dave Serisky (HP)