HPCALC(1) SysV HPCALC(1)
NAME
hpcalc - scientific calculator for X
SYNOPSIS
hpcalc <options>
DESCRIPTION
hpcalc is a scientific calculator desktop accessory that can emulate a
postfix (Reverse Polish Notation) calculator, or optionally an infix
(ARITHmetic operating system) calculator.
OPTIONS
-display displayname
This option specifies the X server to contact.
-geometry geometry
Size and placement of the top level window. By default, the
minimum size will be used. Note that your window manager may
require you to place it explicitly.
-fg color
Foreground color to use.
-bg color
Background color to use.
-bw pixels
Specifies the border width in pixels.
-stip Indicates that the background of the calculator should be drawn
using a stipple of the foreground and background colors. On
monochrome displays this makes a nicer display.
-rv Use reverse video.
-postfix Use the postfix calculator mode, often called rpn mode. This is
the default mode.
-rpn This option is the same as -postfix.
-infix Use the infix calculator mode, often called the arithmetic mode.
Without this flag, it will emulate the postfix mode calculator.
-arith This option is the same as -infix.
POINTER USAGE
Most operations are done with the left mouse button. The only exception
is that you can exit the calculator by pressing the [CLR] key on the rpn
mode calculator, or the [AC] key on the arithmetic mode calculator with
the right mouse button.
GENERAL OPERATION
The rpn mode calculator operates around its four working stack registers
called x, y, z, and t. The x stack register is special in that it
contains the number which is shown in the display, and is often called
the DISPLAY register. In addition the rpn calculator has ten data
storage registers, 0 to 9. You can move numbers between the four stack
registers with the [x:y] and [R v] keys. You can move numbers between
the display and the data registers with the [STO] n and [RCL] n keys.
Stack register specific functions such as e^x or y^x operate on the
specified registers in the indicated way. Otherwise, normal two operand
functions such as +, -, *, /, operate on the x and y registers in the
order y+x, y-x, y*x, y/x.
With the rpn mode calculator you type the two numbers or operands
followed by the math operation. Thus to divide 45 by 3.5 you execute the
key sequence [4] [5] [ENTR] [3] [.] [5] [/]. Complex calculations can be
easily chained in this mode. The calculation (((5+9)/4)+7)*12 is
computed by the key sequence [5] [ENTR] [9] [+] [4] [/] [7] [+] [1] [2]
[*].
The arithmetic mode calculator is like the common four function
calculator. It has one data storage register, and numbers are moved
between this register and the display with the [STO] and [RCL] keys.
The number keys [0]..[9], and the [+], [-], [*], [/], [(], [)] keys are
used to enter arithmetic expressions and the [=] key causes the
expression to be evaluated. It should be noted that the operators obey
the standard rules of precedence. Thus, entering "3+4*5=" results in
"23", not "35". Parentheses can be used to override this. For example,
(1+2+3)*(4+5+6)= results in 6*15=90.
DETAILED OPERATION
hpcalc closely emulates the operation of the HP-10C or TI-30. The details
of its operation are listed below.
[<-] is the rpn mode backspace key. It is used to erase digits from
the display while entering a number.
[CLR] is the rpn mode calculator clear key. It clears only the
display. Pressing it with the right mouse button turns off the
calculator, terminating the program.
[AC] is the arithmetic mode calculator power-on clear key. It clears
everything, the display, the [DRG] state, the data storage
memory, everything. Pressing it with the right mouse button
turns off the calculator, terminating the program.
[CE/C] is the arithmetic mode calculator clear display key. When
pressed once, it clears only the number in the display without
clearing the state of the machine. This allows you to correct
an entry if you make an error. Pressing it twice also clears
the state.
[CHS] is the rpn mode calculator key used to change the sign of the
number in the display or the sign of its exponent. For example,
the key sequence [2] [.] [3] [4] [CHS] [EEX] [4] [CHS] enters
the number -2.34E-4, which is the exponential form of -0.000234.
[+/-] is the arithmetic mode calculator key used to change the sign of
the number in the display or the sign of its exponent. For
example, the key sequence [2] [.] [3] [4] [+/-] [EE] [4] [+/-]
enters the number -2.34E-4, which is the exponential form of -
0.000234.
[INV] inverts the meaning of the function keys, eg. [INV] [sin]
computes the arcsine of the number in the DISPLAY. See the
individual function keys for details.
[x:y] is the rpn mode calculator function which exchanges the number
in the x or DISPLAY register with the number in the y register.
[R v] is the rpn mode calculator function which rolls the four stack
registers, x, y, z, t, downward so that x=y, y=z, z=t, t=x. Its
[INV] function rolls the stack upward so that y=x, z=y, t=z,
x=t.
[STO] n is the rpn mode form of the store data function. It copies the
number in the DISPLAY to the n-th data storage memory location.
There are 10 of these memory locations for the rpn mode
calculator, named 0 to 9.
[STO] is the arithmetic mode form of the store data function. It
copies the number in the DISPLAY to the one data storage memory
location.
[RCL] n is the rpn mode calculator form of the get data function. It
copies the number in the n-th data storage memory location to
the DISPLAY. There are 10 of these memory locations for the rpn
mode calculator, named 0 to 9.
[RCL] is the arithmetic mode calculator form of the get data function.
It copies the number in the data storage memory location to the
DISPLAY.
[EXC] is the arithmetic mode calculator exchange function. It swaps
the number in the display with the number in the one data
storage memory location.
[SUM] n is the rpn mode calculator form of the sum function. It adds the
number in the DISPLAY to the number in the n-th data storage
memory location and saves the result in the n-th data storage
memory location.
[SUM] is the arithmetic mode calculator form of the sum function. It
adds the number in the DISPLAY to the number in the one data
storage memory location and saves the result in the data storage
memory location.
[1/x] replaces the number in the DISPLAY with its reciprocal.
[x^2] squares the number in the DISPLAY.
[SQRT] takes the square root of the number in the DISPLAY.
[PI] enters the constant pi = 3.1415927....
[DRG] changes the DRG mode, as indicated by DEG, RAD, or GRAD at the
bottom of the display. When in DEG mode, numbers in the display
are in degrees. In the RAD mode, numbers are in radians, and in
the GRAD mode, numbers are in gradians. The [INV] DRG function
is a units conversion utility between the different types of
units, ie. converts degrees to radians, radians to gradians, and
gradians to degrees. For example, put the calculator into DEG
mode. Then the key sequence [4] [5] [INV] [DRG], converts 45
degrees to 0.785398 radians with the display showing the units
to be RAD. Continuing with [INV] [DRG] produces 50 GRAD, and
finally [INV] [DRG] produces the original 45 DEG.
[sin] computes the sine of the number in the DISPLAY, as interpreted
by the current DRG mode. Its [INV] function computes the
arcsine.
[cos] computes the cosine of the number in the DISPLAY, as interpreted
by the current DRG mode. Its [INV] function computes the
arccosine.
[tan] computes the tangent of the number in the DISPLAY, as
interpreted by the current DRG mode. Its [INV] function
computes the arctangent.
[EEX] is the rpn mode calculator key used for entering the exponential
form of numbers. For example, the key sequence [2] [.] [3] [4]
[EEX] [CHS] enters the exponential form 2.34 E-4 of the number
0.000234.
[EE] is the arithmetic mode calculator key used for entering the
exponential form of numbers. For example, the key sequence [2]
[.] [3] [4] [EE] [+/-] enters the exponential form 2.34 E-4 of
the number 0.000234.
[10^x] raises the base 10 to the number in the DISPLAY. Its [INV]
function calculates the base 10 logarithm of the number in the
DISPLAY.
[log] calculates the base 10 logarithm of the number in the DISPLAY.
Its [INV] function raises 10 to the power of the number in the
DISPLAY. For example, the key sequence [3] [INV] [log] produces
the result 1000.
[e] enters the constant e = 2.7182818....
[e^x] raises the base e to the number in the DISPLAY. Its [INV]
function calculates the natural logarithm of the number in the
DISPLAY.
[ln] calculates the base e logarithm of the number in the DISPLAY.
Its [INV] function raises e to the power of the number in the
DISPLAY. For example, the key sequence [3] [INV] [ln] produces
the result 20.08553.... The key sequence [e] [ln] produces the
result 1.
[y^x] raises the number in the y register to the power of the number
in the DISPLAY. For example, the key sequence [2] [ENTR] [3]
[y^x] on the rpn mode calculator produces the result 8. For the
arithmetic mode calculator, the key sequence [2] [y^x] [3] [=]
produces the same result.
[x!] computes the factorial of the number in the DISPLAY. The number
must be an integer in the range 0-170. Numbers larger than 170
cause an overflow error.
KEYBOARD EQUIVALENTS
If you have the pointer in the hpcalc window, you can use the keyboard to
speed entry by using the keyboard equivalents to the calculator keys.
The number keys 0 to 9, the operator keys +-*/=, and the parentheses all
have identical keyboard equivalents. Other keyboard equivalents are as
follows:
[q] quits the calculator, terminating it.
[BS], [DEL] equals the [<-] or [CE/C] key.
[CR] equals the [ENTR] key.
[n] equals the [CHS] or [+/-] key.
[i] equals the [INV] key.
[e] equals the [EEX] or [EE] key.
[p] equals the [PI] key.
[d] equals the [DRG] key.
[s] equals the [sin] key.
[c] equals the [cos] key.
[t] equals the [tan] key.
[l] equals the [ln] key.
[^] equals the [y^x] key.
[!] equals the [x!] key.
COLOR USAGE
In the default case, hpalc uses just two colors, Foreground and
Background for everything. This works well and is very adequate for most
cases.
However, hpcalc can use many colors. You can specify individually, the
colors used for the number keys, the operator keys, the function keys,
the display, and the icon.
X DEFAULTS
The program uses the following resource names:
BorderWidth
Sets the border width. The default is 2.
ReverseVideo
Use reverse video.
Stipple Indicates that the background should be stippled, a blending of
background and foreground colors to give better contrast on
monochrome displays. The default is ``off'' for color displays,
and should be turned ``on'' if you have a monochrome display.
Mode Sets the default calculator mode, either postfix or infix.
Allowable values are postfix, or rpn for the postfix mode and
infix, or arith for the arithmetic mode. If no mode is specified
hpcalc will come up in the postfix mode as a default.
Foreground
Color used for borders and text.
Background
Color used for the background.
NKeyFore, NKeyBack
Colors used for the number keys.
OKeyFore, OKeyBack
Colors used for the operator keys.
FKeyFore, FKeyBack
Colors used for the function keys.
DispFore, DispBack
Colors used for the display.
IconFore, IconBack
Colors used by the icon.
EXAMPLE
If you're running on a monochrome display, you don't need any .Xdefaults
entries for hpcalc. On a color display, the following .Xdefaults work
well:
xcalc.Foreground: White
xcalc.Background: SlateBlue
xcalc.NKeyFore: White
xcalc.NKeyBack: DarkSlateBlue
xcalc.OKeyFore: White
xcalc.OKeyBack: DarkSlateBlue
xcalc.FKeyFore: White
xcalc.FKeyBack: DarkSlateBlue
xcalc.DispFore: White
xcalc.DispBack: DarkSlateBlue
xcalc.IconFore: Red
xcalc.IconBack: White
xcalc.Stipple: Off
xcalc.Mode: postfix
xcalc.Geometry: =-8-8
xcalc.DisplayFont: hp8.10x20b
xcalc.KeyFont: hp8.8x16b
xcalc.FlagFont: hp8.6x13
SEE ALSO
X(1), xrdb(1)
BUGS
The calculator doesn't resize.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 1988, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
See X(1) for a full statement of rights and permissions.