mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
NAME
mwm - The Motif Window Manager.
SYNOPSIS
mwm [options]
DESCRIPTION
mwm is an X Window System client that provides window management
functionality and some session management functionality. It provides
functions that facilitate control (by the user and the programmer) of
elements of window states such as placement, size, icon/normal
display, and input-focus ownership. It also provides session
management functions such as stopping a client.
Options
-display display
This option specifies the display to use; see X(1).
-xrm resourcestring
This option specifies a resource string to use.
-multiscreen
This option causes mwm to manage all screens on the display.
The default is to manage only a single screen.
-name name
This option causes mwm to retrieve its resources using the
specified name, as in name*resource.
-screens name [name [...]]
This option specifies the resource names to use for the
screens managed by mwm. If mwm is managing a single screen,
only the first name in the list is used. If mwm is managing
multiple screens, the names are assigned to the screens in
order, starting with screen 0. Screen 0 gets the first name,
screen 1 the second name, and so on.
Appearance
The following sections describe the basic default behaviors of
windows, icons, the icon box, input focus, and window stacking. The
appearance and behavior of the window manager can be altered by
changing the configuration of specific resources. Resources are
defined under the heading "X DEFAULTS."
Screens
By default, mwm manages only the single screen specified by the
-display option or the DISPLAY environment variable (by default,
screen 0). If the -multiscreen option is specified or if the
multiScreen resource is True, mwm tries to manage all the screens on
the display.
Hewlett-Packard Company - 1 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
When mwm is managing multiple screens, the -screens option can be used
to give each screen a unique resource name. The names are separated
by blanks, e.g., -screens mwm0 mwm1. If there are more screens than
names, resources for the remaining screens will be retrieved using the
first name.
Windows
Default mwm window frames have distinct components with associated
functions:
Title Area In addition to displaying the client's title, the
title area is used to move the window. To move the
window, place the pointer over the title area, press
button 1 and drag the window to a new location. A
wire frame is moved during the drag to indicate the
new location. When the button is released, the
window is moved to the new location.
Title Bar The title bar includes the title area, the minimize
button, the maximize button and the window menu
button.
Minimize Button To turn the window into an icon, click button 1 on
the minimize button (the frame box with a small
square in it).
Maximize Button To make the window fill the screen (or enlarge to the
largest size allowed by the configuration files),
click button 1 on the maximize button (the frame box
with a large square in it).
Window Menu Button
The window menu button is the frame box with a
horizontal bar in it. To pull down the window menu,
press button 1. While pressing, drag the pointer on
the menu to your selection, then release the button
when your selection is highlighted. Alternately, you
can click button 1 to pull down the menu and keep it
posted; then position the pointer and select.
Hewlett-Packard Company - 2 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
Default Window Menu
________________________________________________________________
Restore Alt+F5 Restores the window to its size before
minimizing or maximizing
Move Alt+F7 Allows the window to be moved with
keys or mouse
Size Alt+F8 Allows the window to be resized
Minimize Alt+F9 Turns the window into an icon
Maximize Alt+F10 Makes the window fill the screen
Lower Alt+F3 Moves window to bottom of window stack
Close Alt+F4 Causes client to terminate
Resize Border Handles
To change the size of a window, move the pointer over
a resize border handle (the cursor changes), press
button 1, and drag the window to a new size. When
the button is released, the window is resized. While
dragging is being done, a rubber-band outline is
displayed to indicate the new window size.
Matte An optional matte decoration can be added between the
client area and the window frame. A matte is not
actually part of the window frame. There is no
functionality associated with a matte.
Icons
Icons are small graphic representations of windows. A window can be
minimized (iconified) using the minimize button on the window frame.
Icons provide a way to reduce clutter on the screen.
Pressing mouse button 1 when the pointer is over an icon causes the
icon's window menu to pop up. Releasing the button (press + release
without moving mouse = click) causes the menu to stay posted. The
menu contains the following selections:
Hewlett-Packard Company - 3 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
Icon Window Menu
_______________________________________________________________
Restore Alt+F5 Opens the associated window
Move Alt+F7 Allows the icon to be moved with keys
Size Alt+F8 Inactive (not an option for icons)
Minimize Alt+F9 Inactive (not an option for icons)
Maximize Alt+F10 Opens the associated window and makes
it fill the screen
Lower Alt+F3 Moves icon to bottom of icon stack
Close Alt+F4 Removes client from mwm management
Note that pressing button 3 over an icon also causes the icon's window
menu to pop up. To make a menu selection, drag the pointer over the
menu and release button 3 when the desired item is highlighted.
Double-clicking button 1 on an icon normalizes the icon into its
associated window. Double-clicking button 1 on the icon box's icon
opens the icon box and allow access to the contained icons. (In
general, double-clicking a mouse button is a quick way to perform a
function.) Double-clicking button 1 with the pointer on the window
menu button closes the window.
Icon Box
When icons begin to clutter the screen, they can be packed into an
icon box. (To use an icon box, mwm must be started with the icon box
configuration already set.) The icon box is a mwm window that holds
client icons. It includes one or more scroll bars when there are more
window icons than the icon box can show at the same time.
Icons in the icon box can be manipulated with the mouse. The
following table summarizes the behavior of this interface. Button
actions apply whenever the pointer is on any part of the icon. Note
that invoking the f.raise function on an icon in the icon box raises
an already open window to the top of the stack.
Hewlett-Packard Company - 4 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
________________________________________________________________
Button 1 click Selects the icon
Button 1 double click Normalizes (opens) the associated window
Button 1 double click Raises an already open window to the top
of the stack
Button 1 drag Moves the icon
Button 3 press Causes the menu for that icon to pop up.
Button 3 drag Highlights items as the pointer moves
across the menu.
Pressing mouse button 3 when the pointer is over an icon causes the
menu for that icon to pop up.
Icon Menu for the Icon Box
____________________________________________________________________________
Restore Alt+F5 Opens the associated window (if not already open).
Move Alt+F7 Allows the icon to be moved with keys.
Size Alt+F8 Inactive.
Minimize Alt+F9 Inactive.
Maximize Alt+F10 Opens the associated window (if not already open)
and maximizes its size.
Lower Alt+F3 Inactive.
Close Alt+F4 Removes client from mwm management.
To pull down the window menu for the icon box itself, press button 1
with the pointer over the menu button for the icon box. The window
menu of the icon box differs from the window menu of a client window:
The "Close" selection is replaced with the "PackIcons Shift+Alt+F7"
selection. When selected, PackIcons packs the icons in the box to
achieve neat rows with no empty slots.
Pressing [Shift][Escape] when the icon box has the input focus causes
the window menu of the icon box to pop up. Pressing F4 (the pop-up
menu key) causes the window menu of the currently selected icon to pop
up.
Input Focus
mwm supports (by default) a keyboard input focus policy of explicit
selection. This means when a window is selected to get keyboard
input, it continues to get keyboard input until the window is
withdrawn from window management, another window is explicitly
selected to get keyboard input, or the window is iconified. Several
Hewlett-Packard Company - 5 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
resources control the input focus. The client window with the
keyboard input focus has the active window appearance with a visually
distinct window frame.
The following tables summarize the keyboard input focus selection
behavior:
Button Action Object Function Description
_________________________________________________________________
Button 1 press Window / window frame Keyboard focus selection
Button 1 press Icon Keyboard focus selection
Key Action Function Description
_______________________________________________________________________
[Alt][Tab] Move input focus to next window in window stack
[Alt][Shift][Tab] Move input focus to previous window in window stack
X Defaults
mwm is configured from its resource database. This database is built
from the following sources. They are listed in order of precedence,
low to high:
/usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Mwm
$HOME/Mwm
RESOURCE_MANAGER root window property or $HOME/.Xdefaults
XENVIRONMENT variable or $HOME/.Xdefaults-host
mwm command line options
The file names /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Mwm and $HOME/Mwm represent
customary locations for these files. The actual location of the
system-wide class resource file may depend on the XFILESEARCHPATH
environment variable and the current language environment. The actual
location of the user-specific class resource file may depend on the
XUSERFILESEARCHPATH and XAPPLRESDIR environment variables and the
current language environment.
Entries in the resource database may refer to other resource files for
specific types of resources. These include files that contain
bitmaps, fonts, and mwm specific resources such as menus and behavior
specifications (for example, button and key bindings).
Mwm is the resource class name of mwm and mwm is the resource name
used by mwm to look up resources. (For looking up resources of
multiple screens, the -screens command line option specifies resource
names, such as "mwm_b+w" and "mwm_color".) In the following discussion
of resource specification, "Mwm" and"mwm" (and the aliased mwm
resource names) can be used interchangeably, but "mwm" takes
precedence over "Mwm".
Hewlett-Packard Company - 6 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
mwm uses the following types of resources:
Component Appearance Resources:
These resources specify appearance attributes of window manager user
interface components. They can be applied to the appearance of window
manager menus, feedback windows (for example, the window
reconfiguration feedback window), client window frames, and icons.
Specific Appearance and Behavior Resources:
These resources specify mwm appearance and behavior (for example,
window management policies). They are not set separately for
different mwm user interface components.
Client Specific Resources:
These mwm resources can be set for a particular client window or class
of client windows. They specify client-specific icon and client
window frame appearance and behavior.
Resource identifiers can be either a resource name (for example,
foreground) or a resource class (for example, Foreground). If the
value of a resource is a filename and if the filename is prefixed by
"~/", then it is relative to the path contained in the HOME
environment variable (generally the user's home directory).
Component Appearance Resources
The syntax for specifying component appearance resources that apply to
window manager icons, menus, and client window frames is
Mwm*resource_id
For example, Mwm*foreground is used to specify the foreground color
for mwm menus, icons, client window frames, and feedback dialogs.
The syntax for specifying component appearance resources that apply to
a particular mwm component is
Mwm*[menu|icon|client|feedback]*resource_id
If menu is specified, the resource is applied only to mwm If menu is
specified, the resource is applied only to MWM menus; if icon is
specified, the resource is applied to icons; and if client is
specified, the resource is applied to client window frames. For
example, Mwm*icon*foreground is used to specify the foreground color
for mwm icons, Mwm*menu*foreground specifies the foreground color for
mwm menus, and Mwm*client*foreground is used to specify the foreground
color for mwm client window frames.
Hewlett-Packard Company - 7 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
The appearance of the title area of a client window frame (including
window management buttons) can be separately configured. The syntax
for configuring the title area of a client window frame is:
Mwm*client*title*resource_id
For example, Mwm*client*title*foreground specifies the foreground
color for the title area. Defaults for title area resources are based
on the values of the corresponding client window frame resources.
The appearance of menus can be configured based on the name of the
menu. The syntax for specifying menu appearance by name is:
Mwm*menu*menu_name*resource_id
For example, Mwm*menu*my_menu*foreground specifies the foreground
color for the menu named my_menu.
The following component appearance resources that apply to all window
manager parts can be specified:
Component Appearance Resources - All Window Manager Parts
Name Class Value Type Default
____________________________________________________________________
background Background color varies-
backgroundPixmap BackgroundPixmap string--;varies-
bottomShadowColor Foreground color varies-
bottomShadowPixmap BottomShadowPixmap string--;varies-
fontList FontList string--- "fixed"
foreground Foreground color varies-
saveUnder SaveUnder T/F F
topShadowColor Background color varies-
topShadowPixmap TopShadowPixmap string-- varies-
-The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
--Image name. See XmInstallImage(3X).
---X11 R4 Font description.
background (class Background)
This resource specifies the background color. Any legal X
color may be specified. The default value is chosen based on
the visual type of the screen.
backgroundPixmap (class BackgroundPixmap)
This resource specifies the background Pixmap of the mwm
decoration when the window is inactive (does not have the
keyboard focus). The default value is chosen based on the
visual type of the screen.
Hewlett-Packard Company - 8 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
bottomShadowColor (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow color. This color is
used for the lower and right bevels of the window manager
decoration. Any legal X color may be specified. The default
value is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
bottomShadowPixmap (class BottomShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow Pixmap. This Pixmap
is used for the lower and right bevels of the window manager
decoration. The default is chosen based on the visual type of
the screen.
fontList (class FontList)
This resource specifies the font used in the window manager
decoration. The character encoding of the font should match
the character encoding of the strings that are used. The
default is "fixed."
foreground (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the foreground color. The default is
chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
saveUnder (class SaveUnder)
This is used to indicate whether "save unders" are used for
mwm components. For this to have any effect, save unders must
be implemented by the X server. If save unders are
implemented, the X server saves the contents of windows
obscured by windows that have the save under attribute set.
If the saveUnder resource is True, mwm will set the save under
attribute on the window manager frame of any client that has
it set. If saveUnder is False, save unders will not be used
on any window manager frames. The default value is False.
topShadowColor (class Background)
This resource specifies the top shadow color. This color is
used for the upper and left bevels of the window manager
decoration. The default is chosen based on the visual type of
the screen.
topShadowPixmap (class TopShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the top shadow Pixmap. This Pixmap is
used for the upper and left bevels of the window manager
decoration. The default is chosen based on the visual type of
the screen.
The following component appearance resources that apply to frame and
icons can be specified:
Hewlett-Packard Company - 9 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
Frame and Icon Components
____________________________________________________________________
activeBackground Background color varies-
activeBackgroundPixmap BackgroundPixmap string-- varies-
activeBottomShadowColor Foreground color varies-
activeBottomShadowPixmap BottomShadowPixmap string-- varies-
activeForeground Foreground color varies-
activeTopShadowColor Background color varies-
activeTopShadowPixmap TopShadowPixmap string-- varies-
-The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
--See XmInstallImage(3X).
activeBackground (class Background)
This resource specifies the background color of the mwm
decoration when the window is active (has the keyboard focus).
The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
activeBackgroundPixmap (class ActiveBackgroundPixmap)
This resource specifies the background Pixmap of the mwm
decoration when the window is active (has the keyboard focus).
The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
activeBottomShadowColor (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow color of the mwm
decoration when the window is active (has the keyboard focus).
The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
activeBottomShadowPixmap (class BottomShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow Pixmap of the mwm
decoration when the window is active (has the keyboard focus).
The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
activeForeground (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the foreground color of the mwm
decoration when the window is active (has the keyboard focus).
The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
activeTopShadowColor (class Background)
This resource specifies the top shadow color of the mwm
decoration when the window is active (has the keyboard focus).
The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
activeTopShadowPixmap (class TopShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the top shadow Pixmap of the mwm
decoration when the window is active (has the keyboard focus).
The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
Hewlett-Packard Company - 10 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
Specific Appearance And Behavior Resources
The syntax for specifying specific appearance and behavior resources
is
Mwm*resource_id
For example, Mwm*keyboardFocusPolicy specifies the window manager
policy for setting the keyboard focus to a particular client window.
The following specific appearance and behavior resources can be
specified:
Specific Appearance and Behavior Resources
Name Class Value Type Default
__________________________________________________________________________________________
autoKeyFocus AutoKeyFocus T/F T
autoRaiseDelay AutoRaiseDelay millisec 500
bitmapDirectory BitmapDirectory directory /usr/include/X11/bitmaps
buttonBindings ButtonBindings string "DefaultButtonBindings"
cleanText CleanText T/F T
clientAutoPlace ClientAutoPlace T/F T
colormapFocusPolicy ColormapFocusPolicy string keyboard
configFile ConfigFile file .mwmrc
deiconifyKeyFocus DeiconifyKeyFocus T/F T
doubleClickTime DoubleClickTime millisec. multi-click time
enableWarp enableWarp T/F T
enforceKeyFocus EnforceKeyFocus T/F T
fadeNormalIcon FadeNormalIcon T/F F
frameBorderWidth FrameBorderWidth pixels 5
iconAutoPlace IconAutoPlace T/F T
iconBoxGeometry IconBoxGeometry string 6x1+0-0
iconBoxName IconBoxName string iconbox
iconBoxSBDisplayPolicy IconBoxSBDisplayPolicy string all
iconBoxTitle IconBoxTitle XmString Icons
iconClick IconClick T/F T
iconDecoration IconDecoration string;varies
iconImageMaximum IconImageMaximum wxh 50x50
iconImageMinimum IconImageMinimum wxh 16x16
iconPlacement IconPlacement string left bottom
iconPlacementMargin IconPlacementMargin pixels varies
interactivePlacement InteractivePlacement T/F F
keyBindings KeyBindings string "DefaultKeyBindings"
keyboardFocusPolicy KeyboardFocusPolicy string explicit
limitResize LimitResize T/F T
lowerOnIconify LowerOnIconify T/F T
maximumMaximumSize MaximumMaximumSize wxh (pixels) 2X screen
w&h
moveThreshold MoveThreshold pixels 4
multiScreen MultiScreen T/F F
passButtons PassButtons T/F F
passSelectButton PassSelectButton T/F T
Hewlett-Packard Company - 11 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
positionIsFrame PositionIsFrame T/F T
positionOnScreen PositionOnScreen T/F T
quitTimeout QuitTimeout millisec. 1000
raiseKeyFocus RaiseKeyFocus T/F F
resizeBorderWidth ResizeBorderWidth pixels 10
resizeCursors ResizeCursors T/F T
screens Screens string varies
showFeedback ShowFeedback string -kill
startupKeyFocus StartupKeyFocus T/F T
transientDecoration TransientDecoration string system
title
transientFunctions TransientFunctions string -minimize
-maximize
useIconBox UseIconBox T/F F
wMenuButtonClick WMenuButtonClick T/F T
wMenuButtonClick2 WMenuButtonClick2 T/F T
autoKeyFocus (class AutoKeyFocus)
This resource is available only when the keyboard input focus
policy is explicit. If autoKeyFocus is given a value of True,
then when a window with the keyboard input focus is withdrawn
from window management or is iconified, the focus is set to
the previous window that had the focus. If the value given is
False, there is no automatic setting of the keyboard input
focus. The default value is True.
autoRaiseDelay (class AutoRaiseDelay)
This resource is available only when the focusAutoRaise
resource is True and the keyboard focus policy is pointer. The
autoRaiseDelay resource specifies the amount of time (in
milliseconds) that mwm will wait before raising a window after
it gets the keyboard focus. The default value of this resource
is 500 (ms).
bitmapDirectory (class BitmapDirectory)
This resource identifies a directory to be searched for
bitmaps referenced by mwm resources. This directory is
searched if a bitmap is specified without an absolute
pathname. The default value for this resource is
/usr/include/X11/bitmaps.
buttonBindings (class ButtonBindings)
This resource identifies the set of button bindings for window
management functions. The named set of button bindings is
specified in the mwm resource description file. These button
bindings are merged with the built-in default bindings. The
default value for this resource is "DefaultButtonBindings".
Hewlett-Packard Company - 12 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
cleanText (classCleanText)
This resource controls the display of window manager text in
the client title and feedback windows. If the default value
of True is used, the text is drawn with a clear (no stipple)
background. This makes text easier to read on monochrome
systems where a backgroundPixmap is specified. Only the
stippling in the area immediately around the text is cleared.
If False, the text is drawn directly on top of the existing
background.
clientAutoPlace (class ClientAutoPlace)
This resource determines the position of a window when the
window has not been given a user specified position. With a
value of True, windows are positioned with the top left
corners of the frames offset horizontally and vertically. A
value of False causes the currently configured position of the
window to be used. In either case, mwm will attempt to place
the windows totally on-screen. The default value is True.
colormapFocusPolicy (class ColormapFocusPolicy)
This resource indicates the colormap focus policy that is to
be used. If the resource value is explicit, a colormap
selection action is done on a client window to set the
colormap focus to that window. If the value is pointer, the
client window containing the pointer has the colormap focus.
If the value is keyboard, the client window that has the
keyboard input focus has the colormap focus. The default
value for this resource is keyboard.
configFile (class ConfigFile)
The resource value is the pathname for an mwm resource
description file.
If the pathname begins with "~/", mwm considers it to be
relative to the user's home directory (as specified by the
HOME environment variable). If the LANG environment variable
is set, mwm looks for $HOME/$LANG/configFile. If that file
does not exist or if LANG is not set, mwm looks for
$HOME/configFile.
If the configFile pathname does not begin with "~/", mwm
considers it to be relative to the current working directory.
If the configFile resource is not specified or if that file
does not exist, mwm uses several default paths to find a
configuration file. If the LANG environment variable is set,
mwm looks for the configuration file first in
$HOME/$LANG/.mwmrc. If that file does not exist or if LANG is
not set, mwm looks for $HOME/.mwmrc. If that file does not
exist and if LANG is set, mwm next looks for
/usr/lib/X11/$LANG/system.mwmrc. If that file does not exist
Hewlett-Packard Company - 13 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
or if LANG is not set, mwm looks for
/usr/lib/X11/system.mwmrc.
deiconifyKeyFocus (class DeiconifyKeyFocus)
This resource applies only when the keyboard input focus
policy is explicit. If a value of True is used, a window
receives the keyboard input focus when it is normalized
(deiconified). True is the default value.
doubleClickTime (class DoubleClickTime)
This resource is used to set the maximum time (in ms) between
the clicks (button presses) that make up a double-click. The
default value of this resource is the display's multi-click
time.
enableWarp (class EnableWarp)
The default value of this resource, True, causes mwm to "warp"
the pointer to the center of the selected window during
keyboard-controlled resize and move operations. Setting the
value to False causes mwm to leave the pointer at its original
place on the screen, unless the user explicitly moves it with
the cursor keys or pointing device.
enforceKeyFocus (class EnforceKeyFocus)
If this resource is given a value of True, the keyboard input
focus is always explicitly set to selected windows even if
there is an indication that they are "globally active" input
windows. (An example of a globally active window is a scroll
bar that can be operated without setting the focus to that
client.) If the resource is False, the keyboard input focus
is not explicitly set to globally active windows. The default
value is True.
fadeNormalIcon (class FadeNormalIcon)
If this resource is given a value of True, an icon is grayed
out whenever it has been normalized (its window has been
opened). The default value is False.
frameBorderWidth (class FrameBorderWidth)
This resource specifies the width (in pixels) of a client
window frame border without resize handles. The border width
includes the 3-D shadows. The default value is 5 pixels.
iconAutoPlace (class IconAutoPlace)
This resource indicates whether the window manager arranges
icons in a particular area of the screen or places each icon
where the window was when it was iconified. The value True
indicates that icons are arranged in a particular area of the
screen, determined by the iconPlacement resource. The value
False indicates that an icon is placed at the location of the
window when it is iconified. The default is True.
Hewlett-Packard Company - 14 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
iconBoxGeometry (class IconBoxGeometry)
This resource indicates the initial position and size of the
icon box. The value of the resource is a standard window
geometry string with the following syntax:
[=][widthxheight][{+-}xoffset{+-}yoffset]
If the offsets are not provided, the iconPlacement policy is used to
determine the initial placement. The units for width and height are
columns and rows.
The actual screen size of the icon box window depends on the
iconImageMaximum (size) and iconDecoration resources. The default
value for size is (6 * iconWidth + padding) wide by (1 * iconHeight +
padding) high. The default value of the location is +0 -0.
iconBoxName (class IconBoxName)
This resource specifies the name that is used to look up icon
box resources. The default name is "iconbox".
iconBoxSBDisplayPolicy (class IconBoxSBDisplayPolicy)
This resource specifies the scroll bar display policy of the
window manager in the icon box. The resource has three
possible values: all, vertical, and horizontal. The default
value, "all", causes both vertical and horizontal scroll bars
always to appear. The value "vertical" causes a single
vertical scroll bar to appear in the icon box and sets the
orientation of the icon box to horizontal (regardless of the
iconBoxGeometry specification). The value "horizontal" causes
a single horizontal scroll bar to appear in the icon box and
sets the orientation of the icon box to vertical (regardless
of the iconBoxGeometry specification).
iconBoxTitle (class IconBoxTitle)
This resource specifies the name that is used in the title
area of the icon box frame. The default value is "Icons".
iconClick (class IconClick)
When this resource is given the value of True, the system menu
is posted and left posted when an icon is clicked. The
default value is True.
iconDecoration (class IconDecoration)
This resource specifies the general icon decoration. The
resource value is label (only the label part is displayed) or
image (only the image part is displayed) or label image (both
the label and image parts are displayed). A value of
activelabel can also be specified to get a label (not
truncated to the width of the icon) when the icon is selected.
Hewlett-Packard Company - 15 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
The default icon decoration for icon box icons is that each
icon has a label part and an image part (label image). The
default icon decoration for stand-alone icons is that each
icon has an active label part, a label part and an image part
(activelabel label image).
iconImageMaximum (class IconImageMaximum)
This resource specifies the maximum size of the icon image.
The resource value is widthxheight (for example, 64x64). The
maximum supported size is 128x128. The default value of this
resource is 50x50.
iconImageMinimum (class IconImageMinimum)
This resource specifies the minimum size of the icon image.
The resource value is widthxheight (for example, 32x50). The
minimum supported size is 16x16. The default value of this
resource is 16x16.
iconPlacement (class IconPlacement)
This resource specifies the icon placement scheme to be used.
The resource value has the following syntax:
primary_layout secondary_layout
The layout values are one of the following:
_________________________________________
top Lay the icons out top to bottom.
bottom Lay the icons out bottom to top.
left Lay the icons out left to right.
right Lay the icons out right to left.
A horizontal (vertical) layout value should not be used for
both the primary_layout and the secondary_layout (for example,
don't use top for the primary_layout and bottom for the
secondary_layout). The primary_layout indicates whether, when
an icon placement is done, the icon is placed in a row or a
column and the direction of placement. The secondary_layout
indicates where to place new rows or columns. For example,
top right indicates that icons should be placed top to bottom
on the screen and that columns should be added from right to
left on the screen. The default placement is left bottom
(icons are placed left to right on the screen, with the first
row on the bottom of the screen, and new rows added from the
bottom of the screen to the top of the screen).
iconPlacementMargin (class IconPlacementMargin)
This resource sets the distance between the edge of the screen
and the icons that are placed along the edge of the screen.
Hewlett-Packard Company - 16 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
The value should be greater than or equal to 0. A default
value (see below) is used if the value specified is invalid.
The default value for this resource is equal to the space
between icons as they are placed on the screen (this space is
based on maximizing the number of icons in each row and
column).
interactivePlacement (class InteractivePlacement)
This resource controls the initial placement of new windows on
the screen. If the value is True, the pointer shape changes
before a new window is placed on the screen to indicate to the
user that a position should be selected for the upper-left
hand corner of the window. If the value is False, windows are
placed according to the initial window configuration
attributes. The default value of this resource is False.
keyBindings (class KeyBindings)
This resource identifies the set of key bindings for window
management functions. If specified these key bindings replace
the built-in default bindings. The named set of key bindings
is specified in mwm resource description file. The default
value for this resource is "DefaultKeyBindings".
keyboardFocusPolicy (class KeyboardFocusPolicy)
If set to pointer, the keyboard focus policy is to have the
keyboard focus set to the client window that contains the
pointer (the pointer could also be in the client window
decoration that mwm adds). If set to explicit, the policy is
to have the keyboard focus set to a client window when the
user presses button 1 with the pointer on the client window or
any part of the associated mwm decoration. The default value
for this resource is explicit.
limitResize (class LimitResize)
If this resource is True, the user is not allowed to resize a
window to greater than the maximum size. The default value
for this resource is True.
lowerOnIconify (class LowerOnIconify)
If this resource is given the default value of True, a
window's icon appears on the bottom of the window stack when
the window is minimized (iconified). A value of False places
the icon in the stacking order at the same place as its
associated window. The default value of this resource is
True.
maximumMaximumSize (class MaximumMaximumSize)
This resource is used to limit the maximum size of a client
window as set by the user or client. The resource value is
widthxheight (for example, 1024x1024) where the width and
height are in pixels. The default value of this resource is
Hewlett-Packard Company - 17 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
twice the screen width and height.
moveThreshold (class MoveThreshold)
This resource is used to control the sensitivity of dragging
operations that move windows and icons. The value of this
resource is the number of pixels that the locator is moved
with a button down before the move operation is initiated.
This is used to prevent window/icon movement when you click or
double-click and there is unintentional pointer movement with
the button down. The default value of this resource is 4
(pixels).
multiScreen (class MultiScreen)
This resource, if True, causes mwm to manage all the screens
on the display. If False, mwm manages only a single screen.
The default value is False.
passButtons (class PassButtons)
This resource indicates whether or not button press events are
passed to clients after they are used to do a window manager
function in the client context. If the resource value is
False, the button press is not passed to the client. If the
value is True, the button press is passed to the client
window. The window manager function is done in either case.
The default value for this resource is False.
passSelectButton (class PassSelectButton)
This resource indicates whether or not to pass the select
button press events to clients after they are used to do a
window manager function in the client context. If the
resource value is False, then the button press will not be
passed to the client. If the value is True, the button press
is passed to the client window. The window manager function
is done in either case. The default value for this resource
is True.
positionIsFrame (class PositionIsFrame)
This resource indicates how client window position information
(from the WM_NORMAL_HINTS property and from configuration
requests) is to be interpreted. If the resource value is
True, the information is interpreted as the position of the
MWM client window frame. If the value is False, it is
interpreted as being the position of the client area of the
window. The default value of this resource is True.
positionOnScreen (class PositionOnScreen)
This resource is used to indicate that windows should
initially be placed (if possible) so that they are not clipped
by the edge of the screen (if the resource value is True). If
a window is larger than the size of the screen, at least the
upper left corner of the window is on-screen. If the resource
Hewlett-Packard Company - 18 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
value is False, windows are placed in the requested position
even if totally off-screen. The default value of this
resource is True.
quitTimeout (class QuitTimeout)
This resource specifies the amount of time (in milliseconds)
that mwm will wait for a client to update the WM_COMMAND
property after mwm has sent the WM_SAVE_YOURSELF message.
This protocol is used only for those clients that have a
WM_SAVE_YOURSELF atom and no WM_DELETE_WINDOW atom in the
WM_PROTOCOLS client window property. The default value of
this resource is 1000 (ms). (Refer to the f.kill function for
additional information.)
raiseKeyFocus (class RaiseKeyFocus)
This resource is available only when the keyboard input focus
policy is explicit. When set to True, this resource specifies
that a window raised by means of the f.normalize_and_raise
function also receives the input focus. The default value of
this resource is False.
resizeBorderWidth (class ResizeBorderWidth)
This resource specifies the width (in pixels) of a client
window frame border with resize handles. The specified border
width includes the 3-D shadows. The default is 10 (pixels).
resizeCursors (class ResizeCursors)
This is used to indicate whether the resize cursors are always
displayed when the pointer is in the window size border. If
True, the cursors are shown, otherwise the window manager
cursor is shown. The default value is True.
screens (class Screens)
This resource specifies the resource names to use for the
screens mananged by mwm. If mwm is managing a single screen,
only the first name in the list is used. If mwm is managing
multiple screens, the names are assigned to the screens in
order, starting with screen 0. Screen 0 gets the first name,
screen 1 the second name, and so on. The default screen names
are 0, 1, and so on.
showFeedback (class ShowFeedback)
This resource controls when feedback information is displayed.
It controls both window position and size feedback during move
or resize operations and initial client placement. It also
controls window manager message and dialog boxes.
The value for this resource is a list of names of the feedback
options to be enabled or disabled; the names must be separated
by a space. If an option is preceded by a minus sign, that
option is excluded from the list. The sign of the first item
Hewlett-Packard Company - 19 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
in the list determines the initial set of options. If the
sign of the first option is minus, mwm assumes all options are
present and starts subtracting from that set. If the sign of
the first decoration is plus (or not specified), mwm starts
with no options and builds up a list from the resource.
The names of the feedback options are shown below:
Name Description
___________________________________________________________
all Show all feedback (Default value)
behavior Confirm behavior switch
kill Confirm on receipt of KILL signal
move Show position during move
none Show no feedback
placement Show position and size during initial placement
quit Confirm quitting MWM
resize Show size during resize
restart Confirm MWM restart
The following command line illustrates the syntax for
showFeedback:
Mwm*showFeedback: placement resize behavior restart
This resource specification provides feedback for initial
client placement and resize, and enables the dialog boxes to
confirm the restart and set behavior functions. It disables
feedback for the move function.
The default value for this resource is all.
startupKeyFocus (class StartupKeyFocus)
This resource is available only when the keyboard input focus
policy is explicit. When given the default value of True, a
window gets the keyboard input focus when the window is mapped
(that is, initially managed by the window manager).
Hewlett-Packard Company - 20 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
transientDecoration (class TransientDecoration)
This controls the amount of decoration that Mwm puts on
transient windows. The decoration specification is exactly
the same as for the clientDecoration (client specific)
resource. Transient windows are identified by the
WM_TRANSIENT_FOR property which is added by the client to
indicate a relatively temporary window. The default value for
this resource is menu title (that is, transient windows have
resize borders and a titlebar with a window menu button).
transientFunctions (class TransientFunctions)
This resource is used to indicate which window management
functions are applicable (or not applicable) to transient
windows. The function specification is exactly the same as
for the clientFunctions (client specific) resource. The
default value for this resource is -minimize -maximize.
useIconBox (class UseIconBox)
If this resource is given a value of True, icons are placed in
an icon box. When an icon box is not used, the icons are
placed on the root window (default value).
wMenuButtonClick (class WMenuButtonClick)
This resource indicates whether a click of the mouse when the
pointer is over the window menu button posts and leaves posted
the window menu. If the value given this resource is True,
the menu remains posted. True is the default value for this
resource.
wMenuButtonClick2 (class WMenuButtonClick2)
When this resource is given the default value of True, a
double-click action on the window menu button does an f.kill
function.
Client Specific Resources
The syntax for specifying client specific resources is
Mwm*client_name_or_class*resource_id
For example, Mwm*mterm*windowMenu is used to specify the window menu
to be used with mterm clients.
The syntax for specifying client specific resources for all classes of
clients is
Mwm*resource_id
Specific client specifications take precedence over the specifications
for all clients. For example, Mwm*windowMenu is used to specify the
window menu to be used for all classes of clients that don't have a
window menu specified.
Hewlett-Packard Company - 21 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
The syntax for specifying resource values for windows that have an
unknown name and class (that is, windows that do not have a WM_CLASS
property associated with them) is
Mwm*defaults*resource_id
For example, Mwm*defaults*iconImage is used to specify the icon image
to be used for windows that have an unknown name and class.
The following client specific resources can be specified:
Client Specific Resources
Name Class Value Type Default
__________________________________________________________________________________
clientDecoration ClientDecoration string all
clientFunctions ClientFunctions string all
focusAutoRaise FocusAutoRaise T/F varies
iconImage IconImage pathname (image)
iconImageBackground Background color icon
background
iconImageBottomShadowColor Foreground color icon bottom
shadow
iconImageBottomShadowPixmap BottomShadow- color icon bottom
Pixmap shadow pixmap
iconImageForeground Foreground color varies
iconImageTopShadowColor Background color icon top
shadow color
iconImageTopShadowPixmap TopShadow- color icon top
Pixmap shadow pixmap
matteBackground Background color background
matteBottomShadowColor Foreground color bottom
shadow color
matteBottomShadowPixmap BottomShadow- color bottom shadow
Pixmap pixmap
matteForeground Foreground color foreground
matteTopShadowColor Background color top shadow
color
matteTopShadowPixmap TopShadow- color top shadow
Pixmap pixmap
matteWidth MatteWidth pixels 0
maximumClientSize MaximumClientSize wxh fill the
screen
useClientIcon UseClientIcon T/F F
windowMenu WindowMenu string "DefaultWindowMenu"
clientDecoration (class ClientDecoration)
This resource controls the amount of window frame decoration.
The resource is specified as a list of decorations to specify
their inclusion in the frame. If a decoration is preceded by a
minus sign, that decoration is excluded from the frame. The
Hewlett-Packard Company - 22 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
sign of the first item in the list determines the initial
amount of decoration. If the sign of the first decoration is
minus, mwm assumes all decorations are present and starts
subtracting from that set. If the sign of the first
decoration is plus (or not specified), then mwm starts with no
decoration and builds up a list from the resource.
Name Description
__________________________________________________
all Include all decorations (default value)
border Window border
maximize Maximize button (includes title bar)
minimize Minimize button (includes title bar)
none No decorations
resizeh Border resize handles (includes border)
menu Window menu button (includes title bar)
title Title bar (includes border)
Examples:
Mwm*XClock.clientDecoration: -resizeh -maximize This
removes the resize handles and maximize button from XClock
windows.
Mwm*XClock.clientDecoration: menu minimize border This
does the same thing as above. Note that either menu or
minimize implies title.
clientFunctions (class ClientFunctions )
This resource is used to indicate which mwm functions are
applicable (or not applicable) to the client window. The
value for the resource is a list of functions. If the first
function in the list has a minus sign in front of it, then mwm
starts with all functions and subtracts from that set. If the
first function in the list has a plus sign in front of it,
then mwm starts with no functions and builds up a list. Each
function in the list must be preceded by the appropriate plus
or minus sign and separated from the next function by a space.
The table below lists the functions available for this resource:
Hewlett-Packard Company - 23 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
________________________________________________
all Include all functions (default value)
none No functions
resize f.resize
move f.move
minimize f.minimize
maximize f.maximize
close f.kill
focusAutoRaise (class FocusAutoRaise)
When the value of this resource is True, clients are raised
when they get the keyboard input focus. If the value is
False, the stacking of windows on the display is not changed
when a window gets the keyboard input focus. The default
value is True when the keyboardFocusPolicy is explicit and
False when the keyboardFocusPolicy is pointer.
iconImage (class IconImage)
This resource can be used to specify an icon image for a
client (for example, "Mwm*myclock*iconImage"). The resource
value is a pathname for a bitmap file. The value of the
(client specific) useClientIcon resource is used to determine
whether or not user supplied icon images are used instead of
client supplied icon images. The default value is to display a
built-in window manager icon image.
iconImageBackground (class Background)
This resource specifies the background color of the icon image
that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default
value of this resource is the icon background color (that is,
specified by "Mwm*background or Mwm*icon*background).
iconImageBottomShadowColor (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow color of the icon
image that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The
default value of this resource is the icon bottom shadow color
(that is, specified by Mwm*icon*bottomShadowColor).
iconImageBottomShadowPixmap (class BottomShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow Pixmap of the icon
image that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The
default value of this resource is the icon bottom shadow
Hewlett-Packard Company - 24 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
Pixmap (i.e., specified by Mwm*icon*bottomShadowPixmap).
iconImageForeground (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the foreground color of the icon image
that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default
value of this resource varies depending on the icon
background.
iconImageTopShadowColor (class Background)
This resource specifies the top shadow color of the icon image
that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default
value of this resource is the icon top shadow color (that is,
specified by Mwm*icon*topShadowColor).
iconImageTopShadowPixmap (class TopShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the top shadow Pixmap of the icon
image that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The
default value of this resource is the icon top shadow pixmap
(that is, specified by Mwm*icon*topShadowPixmap).
matteBackground (class Background)
This resource specifies the background color of the matte,
when matteWidth is positive. The default value of this
resource is the client background color (that is, specified by
"Mwm*background or Mwm*client*background).
matteBottomShadowColor (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow color of the matte,
when matteWidth is positive. The default value of this
resource is the client bottom shadow color (that is, specified
by "Mwm*bottomShadowColor or Mwm*client*bottomShadowColor).
matteBottomShadowPixmap (class BottomShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow Pixmap of the matte,
when matteWidth is positive. The default value of this
resource is the client bottom shadow pixmap (that is,
specified by "Mwm*bottomShadowPixmap or
Mwm*client*bottomShadowPixmap).
matteForeground (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the foreground color of the matte,
when matteWidth is positive. The default value of this
resource is the client foreground color (that is, specified by
"Mwm*foreground or Mwm*client*foreground).
matteTopShadowColor (class Background)
This resource specifies the top shadow color of the matte,
when matteWidth is positive. The default value of this
resource is the client top shadow color (that is, specified by
"Mwm*topShadowColor or Mwm*client*topShadowColor).
Hewlett-Packard Company - 25 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
matteTopShadowPixmap (class TopShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the top shadow pixmap of the matte,
when matteWidth is positive. The default value of this
resource is the client top shadow pixmap (that is, specified
by "Mwm*topShadowPixmap or Mwm*client*topShadowPixmap).
matteWidth (class MatteWidth)
This resource specifies the width of the optional matte. The
default value is 0, which effectively disables the matte.
maximumClientSize (class MaximumClientSize)
This is a size specification that indicates the client size to
be used when an application is maximized. The resource value
is specified as widthxheight. The width and height are
interpreted in the units that the client uses (for example,
for terminal emulators this is generally characters). If this
resource is not specified, the maximum size from the
WM_NORMAL_HINTS property is used if set. Otherwise the
default value is the size where the client window with window
management borders fills the screen. When the maximum client
size is not determined by the maximumClientSize resource, the
maximumMaximumSize resource value is used as a constraint on
the maximum size.
useClientIcon (class UseClientIcon)
If the value given for this resource is True, a client
supplied icon image takes precedence over a user supplied icon
image. The default value is False, giving the user supplied
icon image higher precedence than the client supplied icon
image.
windowMenu (class WindowMenu)
This resource indicates the name of the menu pane that is
posted when the window menu is popped up (usually by pressing
button 1 on the window menu button on the client window
frame). Menu panes are specified in the MWM resource
description file. Window menus can be customized on a client
class basis by specifying resources of the form
Mwm*client_name_or_class*windowMenu (See "Mwm Resource
Description File Syntax"). The default value of this resource
is "DefaultWindowMenu".
Resource Description File
The MWM resource description file is a supplementary resource file
that contains resource descriptions that are referred to by entries in
the defaults files (.Xdefaults, app-defaults/Mwm). It contains
descriptions of resources that are to be used by mwm, and that cannot
be easily encoded in the defaults files (a bitmap file is an analogous
type of resource description file). A particular mwm resource
description file can be selected using the configFile resource.
Hewlett-Packard Company - 26 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
The following types of resources can be described in the mwm resource
description file:
Buttons Window manager functions can be bound (associated) with
button events.
Keys Window manager functions can be bound (associated) with
key press events.
Menus Menu panes can be used for the window menu and other
menus posted with key bindings and button bindings.
mwm Resource Description File Syntax
The mwm resource description file is a standard text file that
contains items of information separated by blanks, tabs, and new-line
characters. Blank lines are ignored. Items or characters can be
quoted to avoid special interpretation (for example, the comment
character can be quoted to prevent it from being interpreted as the
comment character). A quoted item can be contained in double quotes
("). Single characters can be quoted by preceding them by the back-
slash character (\). All text from an unquoted # to the end of the
line is regarded as a comment and is not interpreted as part of a
resource description. If ! is the first character in a line, the line
is regarded as a comment. Window manager functions can be accessed
with button and key bindings, and with window manager menus.
Functions are indicated as part of the specifications for button and
key binding sets, and menu panes. The function specification has the
following syntax:
function = function_name [function_args]
function_name = window manager function
function_args = {quoted_item | unquoted_item}
The following functions are supported. If a function is specified that
isn't one of the supported functions then it is interpreted by mwm as
f.nop.
f.beep
This function causes a beep.
f.circle_down [icon | window]
This function causes the window or icon that is on the top of the
window stack to be put on the bottom of the window stack (so that
it no longer obscures any other window or icon). This function
affects only those windows and icons that obscure other windows
and icons, or that are obscured by other windows and icons.
Secondary windows (that is, transient windows) are restacked with
their associated primary window. Secondary windows always stay
on top of the associated primary window and there can be no other
Hewlett-Packard Company - 27 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
primary windows between the secondary windows and their primary
window. If an icon function argument is specified, the function
applies only to icons. If a window function argument is
specified, the function applies only to windows.
f.circle_up [icon | window]
This function raises the window or icon on the bottom of the
window stack (so that it is not obscured by any other windows).
This function affects only those windows and icons that obscure
other windows and icons, or that are obscured by other windows
and icons. Secondary windows (that is, transient windows) are
restacked with their associated primary window. If an icon
function argument is specified, the function applies only to
icons. If an window function argument is specified, the function
applies only to windows.
f.exec or !
This function causes command to be executed (using the value of
the MWMSHELL environment variable if it is set, otherwise the
value of the SHELL environment variable if it is set, otherwise
/bin/sh). The ! notation can be used in place of the f.exec
function name.
f.focus_color
This function sets the colormap focus to a client window. If
this function is done in a root context, the default colormap
(setup by the X Window System for the screen where MWM is
running) is installed and there is no specific client window
colormap focus. This function is treated as f.nop if
colormapFocusPolicy is not explicit.
f.focus_key
This function sets the keyboard input focus to a client window or
icon. This function is treated as f.nop if keyboardFocusPolicy
is not explicit or the function is executed in a root context.
f.kill
This function is used to terminate a client. If the
WM_DELETE_WINDOW protocol is set up, the client is sent a client
message event indicating that the client window should be
deleted. If the WM_SAVE_YOURSELF protocol is set up and the
WM_DELETE_WINDOW protocol is not set up, the client is sent a
client message event indicating that the client needs to prepare
to be terminated. If the client does not have the
WM_DELETE_WINDOW or WM_SAVE_YOURSELF protocol set up, this
function causes a client's X connection to be terminated (usually
resulting in termination of the client). Refer to the
description of the quitTimeout resource and the WM_PROTOCOLS
property.
Hewlett-Packard Company - 28 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
f.lower [-client]
This function lowers a client window to the bottom of the window
stack (where it obscures no other window). Secondary windows
(that is, transient windows) are restacked with their associated
primary window. The client argument indicates the name or class
of a client to lower. If the client argument is not specified,
the context that the function was invoked in indicates the window
or icon to lower.
f.maximize
This function causes a client window to be displayed with its
maximum size.
f.menu
This function associates a cascading (pull-right) menu with a
menu pane entry or a menu with a button or key binding. The
menu_name function argument identifies the menu to be used.
f.minimize
This function causes a client window to be minimized (iconified).
When a window is minimized when no icon box is used, its icon is
placed on the bottom of the window stack (so that it obscures no
other window). If an icon box is used, the client's icon changes
to its iconified form inside the icon box. Secondary windows
(that is, transient windows) are minimized with their associated
primary window. There is only one icon for a primary window and
all its secondary windows.
f.move
This function causes a client window to be interactively moved.
f.next_cmap
This function installs the next colormap in the list of colormaps
for the window with the colormap focus.
f.next_key [icon | window | transient]
This function sets the keyboard input focus to the next
window/icon in the set of windows/icons managed by the window
manager (the ordering of this set is based on the stacking of
windows on the screen). This function is treated as f.nop if
keyboardFocusPolicy is not explicit. The keyboard input focus is
moved only to windows that do not have an associated secondary
window that is application modal. If the transient argument is
specified, transient (secondary) windows are traversed
(otherwise, if only window is specified, traversal is done only
to the last focused window in a transient group). If an icon
function argument is specified, the function applies only to
icons. If a window function argument is specified, the function
applies only to windows.
Hewlett-Packard Company - 29 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
f.nop
This function does nothing.
f.normalize
This function causes a client window to be displayed with its
normal size. Secondary windows (that is, transient windows) are
placed in their normal state along with their associated primary
window.
f.normalize_and_raise
This function causes the corresponding client window to be
displayed with its normal size and raised to the top of the
window stack. Secondary windows (i.e., transient windows) are
placed in their normal state along with their associated primary
window.
f.pack_icons
This function is used to relayout icons (based on the layout
policy being used) on the root window or in the icon box. In
general this causes icons to be "packed" into the icon grid.
f.pass_keys
This function is used to enable/disable (toggle) processing of
key bindings for window manager functions. When it disables key
binding processing all keys are passed on to the window with the
keyboard input focus and no window manager functions are invoked.
If the f.pass_keys function is invoked with a key binding to
disable key-binding processing, the same key binding can be used
to enable key-binding processing.
f.post_wmenu
This function is used to post the window menu. If a key is used
to post the window menu and a window menu button is present, the
window menu is automatically placed with its top-left corner at
the bottom-left corner of the window menu button for the client
window. If no window menu button is present, the window menu is
placed at the top-left corner of the client window.
f.prev_cmap
This function installs the previous colormap in the list of
colormaps for the window with the colormap focus.
f.prev_key [icon | window | transient]
This function sets the keyboard input focus to the previous
window/icon in the set of windows/icons managed by the window
manager (the ordering of this set is based on the stacking of
windows on the screen). This function is treated as f.nop if
keyboardFocusPolicy is not explicit. The keyboard input focus is
moved only to windows that do not have an associated secondary
window that is application modal. If the transient argument is
specified, transient (secondary) windows are traversed
Hewlett-Packard Company - 30 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
(otherwise, if only window is specified, traversal is done only
to the last focused window in a transient group). If an icon
function argument is specified, the function applies only to
icons. If an window function argument is specified, the function
applies only to windows.
f.quit_mwm
This function terminates mwm (but NOT the X window system).
f.raise [-client]
This function raises a client window to the top of the window
stack (where it is obscured by no other window). Secondary
windows (that is, transient windows) are restacked with their
associated primary window. The client argument indicates the
name or class of a client to raise. If the client argument is
not specified, the context that the function was invoked in
indicates the window or icon to raise.
f.raise_lower
This function raises a client window to the top of the window
stack if it is partially obscured by another window, otherwise it
lowers the window to the bottom of the window stack. Secondary
windows (that is, transient windows) are restacked with their
associated primary window.
f.refresh
This function causes all windows to be redrawn.
f.refresh_win
This function causes a client window to be redrawn.
f.resize
This function causes a client window to be interactively resized.
f.restart
This function causes mwm to be restarted (effectively terminated
and re-executed).
f.send_msg message_number
This function sends a client message of the type
_MOTIF_WM_MESSAGES with the message_type indicated by the
message_number function argument. The client message is sent
only if message_number is included in the client's
_MOTIF_WM_MESSAGES property. A menu item label is grayed out if
the menu item is used to do f.send_msg of a message that is not
included in the client's _MOTIF_WM_MESSAGES property.
f.separator
This function causes a menu separator to be put in the menu pane
at the specified location (the label is ignored).
Hewlett-Packard Company - 31 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
f.set_behavior
This function causes the window manager to restart with the
default behavior (if a custom behavior is configured) or revert
to the custom behavior. By default this is bound to
Shift Ctrl Meta <Key>!.
f.title
This function inserts a title in the menu pane at the specified
location.
Each function may be constrained as to which resource types can
specify the function (for example, menu pane) and also what context
the function can be used in (for example, the function is done to the
selected client window). Function contexts are
root No client window or icon has been selected as an object
for the function.
window A client window has been selected as an object for the
function. This includes the window's title bar and
frame. Some functions are applied only when the window
is in its normalized state (for example, f.maximize) or
its maximized state (for example, f.normalize).
icon An icon has been selected as an object for the
function.
If a function's context has been specified as icon|window and the
function is invoked in an icon box, the function applies to the icon
box, not to the icons inside.
If a function is specified in a type of resource where it is not
supported or is invoked in a context that does not apply, the function
is treated as f.nop. The following table indicates the resource types
and function contexts in which window manager functions apply.
Function Contexts Resources
___________________________________________________________________
f.beep root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.circle_down root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.circle_up root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.exec root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.focus_color root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.focus_key root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.kill icon, window button, key, menu
f.lower root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.maximize icon, window(normal) button, key, menu
f.menu root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.minimize window button, key, menu
f.move icon, window button, key, menu
f.next_cmap root, icon, window button, key, menu
Hewlett-Packard Company - 32 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
f.next_key root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.nop root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.normalize icon, window(maximized) button, key, menu
f.normalize_and_raise icon, window button, key, menu
f.pack_icons root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.pass_keys root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.post_wmenu root, icon, window button, key
f.prev_cmap root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.prev_key root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.quit_mwm root button, key, menu
f.raise root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.raise_lower icon, window button, key, menu
f.refresh root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.refresh_win window button, key, menu
f.resize window button, key, menu
f.restart root button, key, menu
f.send_msg icon, window button, key, menu
f.separator root, icon, window menu
f.set_behavior root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.title root, icon, window menu
Window Manager Event Specification
Events are indicated as part of the specifications for button and key-
binding sets, and menu panes.
Button events have the following syntax:
button = [modifier_list]<button_event_name>
modifier_list = modifier_name {modifier_name}
All modifiers specified are interpreted as being exclusive (this means
that only the specified modifiers can be present when the button event
occurs). The following table indicates the values that can be used
for modifier_name. The [Alt] key is frequently labeled [Extend] or
[Meta]. Alt and Meta can be used interchangeably in event
specification.
Hewlett-Packard Company - 33 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
_______________________
Ctrl Control Key
Shift Shift Key
Alt Alt/Meta Key
Meta Meta/Alt Key
Lock Lock Key
Mod1 Modifier1
Mod2 Modifier2
Mod3 Modifier3
Mod4 Modifier4
Mod5 Modifier5
The following table indicates the values that can be used for
button_event_name.
_______________________________________
Btn1Down Button 1 Press
Btn1Up Button 1 Release
Btn1Click Button 1 Press and Release
Btn1Click2 Button 1 Double Click
Btn2Down Button 2 Press
Btn2Up Button 2 Release
Btn2Click Button 2 Press and Release
Btn2Click2 Button 2 Double Click
Btn3Down Button 3 Press
Btn3Up Button 3 Release
Btn3Click Button 3 Press and Release
Btn3Click2 Button 3 Double Click
Btn4Down Button 4 Press
Btn4Up Button 4 Release
Btn4Click Button 4 Press and Release
Btn4Click2 Button 4 Double Click
Btn5Down Button 5 Press
Btn5Up Button 5 Release
Btn5Click Button 5 Press and Release
Btn5Click2 Button 5 Double Click
Key events that are used by the window manager for menu mnemonics and
for binding to window manager functions are single key presses; key
releases are ignored. Key events have the following syntax:
key = [modifier_list]<Key>key_name
modifier_list = modifier_name {modifier_name}
All modifiers specified are interpreted as being exclusive (this means
that only the specified modifiers can be present when the key event
Hewlett-Packard Company - 34 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
occurs). Modifiers for keys are the same as those that apply to
buttons. The key_name is an X11 keysym name. Keysym names can be
found in the keysymdef.h file (remove the XK_ prefix).
Button Bindings
The buttonBindings resource value is the name of a set of button
bindings that are used to configure window manager behavior. A window
manager function can be done when a button press occurs with the
pointer over a framed client window, an icon or the root window. The
context for indicating where the button press applies is also the
context for invoking the window manager function when the button press
is done (significant for functions that are context sensitive).
The button binding syntax is
Buttons bindings_set_name
{
button context function
button context function
.
.
button context function
}
The syntax for the context specification is
context = object[|context]
object = root | icon | window | title | frame | border | app
The context specification indicates where the pointer must be for the
button binding to be effective. For example, a context of window indicates
that the pointer must be over a client window or window management frame
for the button binding to be effective. The frame context is for the
window management frame around a client window (including the border and
titlebar), the border context is for the border part of the window
management frame (not including the titlebar), the title context is for the
title area of the window management frame, and the app context is for the
application window (not including the window management frame).
If an f.nop function is specified for a button binding, the button binding
is not done.
Key Bindings
The keyBindings resource value is the name of a set of key bindings
that are used to configure window manager behavior. A window manager
function can be done when a particular key is pressed. The context in
which the key binding applies is indicated in the key binding
specification. The valid contexts are the same as those that apply to
Hewlett-Packard Company - 35 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
button bindings.
The key binding syntax is:
Keys bindings_set_name
{
key context function
key context function
.
.
key context function
}
If an f.nop function is specified for a key binding, the key binding
is not done. If an f.post_wmenu or f.menu function is bound to a key,
mwm will automatically use the same key for removing the menu from the
screen after it has been popped up.
The context specification syntax is the same as for button bindings.
For key bindings, the frame, title, border, and app contexts are
equivalent to the window context. The context for a key event is the
window or icon that has the keyboard input focus (root if no window or
icon has the keyboard input focus).
Menu Panes
Menus can be popped up using the f.post_wmenu and f.menu window
manager functions. The context for window manager functions that are
done from a menu is root, icon or window depending on how the menu was
popped up. In the case of the window menu or menus popped up with a
key binding, the location of the keyboard input focus indicates the
context. For menus popped up using a button binding, the context of
the button binding is the context of the menu.
The menu pane specification syntax is
Menu menu_name
{
label [mnemonic] [accelerator] function
label [mnemonic] [accelerator] function
.
.
label [mnemonic] [accelerator] function
}
Each line in the Menu specification identifies the label for a menu
item and the function to be done if the menu item is selected.
Optionally a menu button mnemonic and a menu button keyboard
accelerator may be specified. Mnemonics are functional only when the
menu is posted and keyboard traversal applies.
Hewlett-Packard Company - 36 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
The label may be a string or a bitmap file. The label specification
has the following syntax:
label = text | bitmap_file
bitmap_file = @file_name
text = quoted_item | unquoted_item
The string encoding for labels must be compatible with the menu font that
is used. Labels are greyed out for menu items that do the f.nop function
or an invalid function or a function that doesn't apply in the current
context.
A mnemonic specification has the following syntax
mnemonic = _character
The first matching character in the label is underlined. If there is
no matching character in the label, no mnemonic is registered with the
window manager for that label. Although the character must exactly
match a character in the label, the mnemonic does not execute if any
modifier (such as Shift) is pressed with the character key.
The accelerator specification is a key event specification with the
same syntax as is used for key bindings to window manager functions.
Environment
mwm uses the environment variable HOME specifying the user's home
directory.
mwm uses the environment variable LANG specifying the user's choice of
language for the mwm message catalog and the mwm resource description
file.
mwm uses the environment variables XFILESEARCHPATH,
XUSERFILESEARCHPATH, XAPPLRESDIR, XENVIRONMENT, LANG, and HOME in
determining search paths for resource defaults files.
mwm reads the $HOME/.motifbind file if it exists to install a virtual
key bindings property on the root window. For more information on the
content of the .motifbind file, see VirtualBindings(3X).
mwm uses the environment variable MWMSHELL (or SHELL, if MWMSHELL is
not set) specifying the shell to use when executing commands via the
f.exec function.
Files
/usr/lib/X11/$LANG/system.mwmrc /usr/lib/X11/system.mwmrc
/usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Mwm $HOME/Mwm $HOME/.Xdefaults
Hewlett-Packard Company - 37 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990
mwm(1X) mwm(1X)
$HOME/$LANG/.mwmrc $HOME/.mwmrc $HOME/.motifbind
RELATED INFORMATION
VendorShell(3X), VirtualBindings(3X), X(1), and XmInstallImage(3X).
Hewlett-Packard Company - 38 - Motif Release 1.1: August 1990