XPR(1) X Version 11 XPR(1)
Release 4+
NAME
xpr - print an X window dump
SYNOPSIS
xpr [ -device dev ] [ -scale scale ] [ -height inches ] [ -width inches
] [ -left inches ] [ -top inches ] [ -header string ] [ -trailer string
] [ -landscape ] [ -portrait ] [ -plane number ] [ -gray ] [ -rv ] [
-compact ] [ -output filename ] [ -append filename ] [ -noff ] [ -split
n ] [ -psfig ] [ -density dpi ] [ -cutoff level ] [ -noposition ] [
-gamma correction ] [ -render algorithm ] [ -slide ] [ filename ]
DESCRIPTION
xpr takes as input a window dump file produced by xwd(1) and formats
it for output on PostScript printers, the Digital LN03 or LA100, the
IBM PP3812 page printer, the HP LaserJet (or other PCL printers), or
the HP PaintJet. If no file argument is given, the standard input is
used. By default, xpr prints the largest possible representation of
the window on the output page. Options allow the user to add headers
and trailers, specify margins, adjust the scale and orientation, and
append multiple window dumps to a single output file. Output is to
standard output unless -output is specified.
Command Options
-device dev
Specifies the device on which the file will be printed.
Currently supported:
la100
Digital LA100
ljet HP LaserJet series and other monochrome PCL devices
such as ThinkJet, QuietJet, RuggedWriter, HP2560
series, and HP2930 series printers
ln03 Digital LN03
pjet HP PaintJet (color mode)
pjetxl
HP HP PaintJet XL Color Graphics Printer (color mode)
pp IBM PP3812
ps PostScript printer
The default device is the LN03, for historical reasons. -device
lw (LaserWriter) is equivalent to -device ps and is provided only
for backwards compatibility.
-scale scale
Affects the size of the window on the page. The PostScript,
LN03, and HP printers are able to translate each bit in a window
pixel map into a grid of a specified size. For example each bit
might translate into a 3x3 grid. This would be specified by
-scale 3. By default a window is printed with the largest scale
that will fit onto the page for the specified orientation.
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-height inches
Specifies the maximum height of the page.
-width inches
Specifies the maximum width of the page.
-left inches
Specifies the left margin in inches. Fractions are allowed. By
default the window is centered in the page.
-top inches
Specifies the top margin for the picture in inches. Fractions
are allowed.
-header string
Specifies a header string to be printed above the window.
-trailer string
Specifies a trailer string to be printed below the window.
-landscape
Forces the window to printed in landscape mode. By default a
window is printed such that its longest side follows the long
side of the paper.
-plane number
Specifies which bit plane to use in an image. The default is to
use the entire image and map values into black and white based on
color intensities.
-gray 2 | 3 | 4
Uses a simple 2x2, 3x3, or 4x4 gray scale conversion on a color
image, rather than mapping to strictly black and white. This
doubles, triples, or quadruples the effective width and height of
the image.
-portrait
Forces the window to be printed in portrait mode. By default a
window is printed such that its longest side follows the long
side of the paper.
-rv Forces the window to be printed in reverse video.
-compact
Uses simple run-length encoding for compact representation of
windows with lots of white pixels.
-output filename
Specifies an output file name. If this option is not specified,
standard output is used.
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-append filename
Specifies a filename previously produced by xpr to which the
window is to be appended.
-noff
When specified in conjunction with -append, the window will
appear on the same page as the previous window.
-split n
This option allows the user to split a window onto several pages.
This might be necessary for very large windows that would
otherwise cause the printer to overload and print the page in an
obscure manner.
-psfig
Suppress translation of the PostScript picture to the center of
the page.
-density dpi
Indicates what dot-per-inch density should be used by the HP
printer.
-cutoff level
Changes the intensity level where colors are mapped to either
black or white for monochrome output on a LaserJet printer. The
level is expressed as percentage of full brightness. Fractions
are allowed.
-noposition
This option causes header, trailer, and image positioning command
generation to be bypassed for LaserJet, PaintJet and PaintJet XL
printers.
-gamma correction
This changes the intensity of the colors printed by PaintJet XL
printer. The correction is a floating point value in the range
0.00 to 3.00. Consult the operator's manual to determine the
correct value for the specific printer.
-render algorithm
This allows PaintJet XL printer to render the image with the best
quality versus performance tradeoff. Consult the operator's
manual to determine which algorithms are available.
-slide
This option allows overhead transparencies to be printed using
the PaintJet and PaintJet XL printers.
SEE ALSO
xwd(1), xwud(1), X(1)
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LIMITATIONS
The current version of xpr can generally print out on the LN03 most X
windows that are not larger than two-thirds of the screen. For
example, it will be able to print out a large Emacs window, but it
will usually fail when trying to print out the entire screen. The
LN03 has memory limitations that can cause it to incorrectly print
very large or complex windows. The two most common errors encountered
are ``band too complex'' and ``page memory exceeded.'' In the first
case, a window may have a particular six pixel row that contains too
many changes (from black to white to black). This will cause the
printer to drop part of the line and possibly parts of the rest of the
page. The printer will flash the number `1' on its front panel when
this problem occurs. A possible solution to this problem is to
increase the scale of the picture, or to split the picture onto two or
more pages. The second problem, ``page memory exceeded,'' will occur
if the picture contains too much black, or if the picture contains
complex half-tones such as the background color of a display. When
this problem occurs the printer will automatically split the picture
into two or more pages. It may flash the number `5' on its from
panel. There is no easy solution to this problem. It will probably
be necessary to either cut and paste, or to rework the application to
produce a less complex picture.
There are several limitations on the LA100 support: the picture will
always be printed in portrait mode, there is no scaling, and the
aspect ratio will be slightly off.
Support for PostScript output currently cannot handle the -append,
-noff or -split options.
The -compact option is only supported for PostScript output. It
compresses white space but not black space, so it is not useful for
reverse-video windows.
For color images, should map directly to PostScript image support.
HP PRINTERS
If no -density is specified on the command line 300 dots per inch will
be assumed for ljet and 90 dots per inch for pjet. Allowable density
values for a LaserJet printer are 300, 150, 100, and 75 dots per inch.
Consult the operator's manual to determine densities supported by
other printers.
If no -scale is specified the image will be expanded to fit the
printable page area.
The default printable page area is 8x10.5 inches. Other paper sizes
can be accommodated using the -height and -width options.
Note that a 1024x768 image fits the default printable area when
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processed at 100 dpi with scale=1, the same image can also be printed
using 300 dpi with scale=3 but will require considerably more data be
transferred to the printer.
xpr may be tailored for use with monochrome PCL printers other than
the LaserJet. To print on a ThinkJet (HP2225A) xpr could be invoked
as:
xpr -density 96 -width 6.667 filename
or for black-and-white output to a PaintJet:
xpr -density 180 filename
The monochrome intensity of a pixel is computed as 0.30*R + 0.59*G +
0.11*B. If a pixel's computed intensity is less than the -cutoff
level it will print as white. This maps light-on-dark display images
to black-on-white hardcopy. The default cutoff intensity is 50% of
full brightness. Example: specifying -cutoff 87.5 moves the
white/black intensity point to 87.5% of full brightness.
A LaserJet printer must be configured with sufficient memory to handle
the image. For a full page at 300 dots per inch approximately 2MB of
printer memory is required.
Color images are produced on the PaintJet at 90 dots per inch. The
PaintJet is limited to sixteen colors from its 330 color palette on
each horizontal print line. xpr will issue a warning message if more
than sixteen colors are encountered on a line. xpr will program the
PaintJet for the first sixteen colors encountered on each line and use
the nearest matching programmed value for other colors present on the
line.
Specifying the -rv, reverse video, option for the PaintJet will cause
black and white to be interchanged on the output image. No other
colors are changed.
Multiplane images must be recorded by xwd in ZPixmap format. Single
plane (monochrome) images may be in either XYPixmap or ZPixmap format.
Some PCL printers do not recognize image positioning commands. Output
for these printers will not be centered on the page and header and
trailer strings may not appear where expected.
The -gamma and -render options are supported only on the PaintJet XL
printers.
The -slide option is not supported for LaserJet printers.
The -split option is not supported for HP printers.
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COPYRIGHT
Copyright 1988, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Copyright 1986, Marvin Solomon and the University of Wisconsin.
Copyright 1988, Hewlett Packard Company.
See X(1) for a full statement of rights and permissions.
AUTHORS
Michael R. Gretzinger, MIT Project Athena, Jose Capo, MIT Project
Athena (PP3812 support), Marvin Solomon, University of Wisconsin, Bob
Scheifler, MIT, Angela Bock and E. Mike Durbin, Rich Inc. (grayscale),
Larry Rupp, HP (HP printer support).
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