XPR(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual XPR(1)
NAME
xpr - print an X window dump
SYNOPSIS
xpr [ -device devtype ] [ -scale scale ] [ -height inches ]
[ -width inches ] [ -left inches ] [ -top inches ] [ -header
string ] [ -trailer string ] [ -landscape ] [ -portrait ] [
-plane number ] [ -gray ] [ -rv ] [ -compact ] [ -output
filename ] [ -append filename ] [ -noff ] [ -split n ] [
-psfig ] [ -density dpi ] [ -cutoff level ] [ -noposition ]
[ -gamma correction ] [ -render algorithm ] [ -slide ] [
filename ]
DESCRIPTION
xpr takes as input a window dump file produced by xwd(1) and
formats it for output on PostScript printers, the Digital
LN03 or LA100, the IBM PP3812 page printer, the HP LaserJet
(or other PCL printers), or the HP PaintJet. If no file
argument is given, the standard input is used. By default,
xpr prints the largest possible representation of the window
on the output page. Options allow the user to add headers
and trailers, specify margins, adjust the scale and orienta-
tion, and append multiple window dumps to a single output
file. Output is to standard output unless -output is speci-
fied.
Command Options
-device devtype
Specifies the device on which the file will be printed.
Currently supported:
la100
Digital LA100
ljet HP LaserJet series and other monochrome PCL
devices such as ThinkJet, QuietJet, Rugged-
Writer, HP2560 series, and HP2930 series
printers
ln03 Digital LN03
pjet HP PaintJet (color mode)
pjetxl
HP HP PaintJet XL Color Graphics Printer
(color mode)
pp IBM PP3812
ps PostScript printer
The default is LaserJet. -device lw (LaserWriter) is
equivalent to -device ps and is provided only for back-
wards compatibility.
-scale scale
Affects the size of the window on the page. The
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PostScript, LN03, and HP printers are able to translate
each bit in a window pixel map into a grid of a speci-
fied size. For example each bit might translate into a
3x3 grid. This would be specified by -scale 3. By
default a window is printed with the largest scale that
will fit onto the page for the specified orientation.
-height inches
Specifies the maximum height of the page.
-width inches
Specifies the maximum width of the page.
-left inches
Specifies the left margin in inches. Fractions are
allowed. By default the window is centered in the
page.
-top inches
Specifies the top margin for the picture in inches.
Fractions are allowed.
-header string
Specifies a header string to be printed above the win-
dow.
-trailer string
Specifies a trailer string to be printed below the win-
dow.
-landscape
Forces the window to printed in landscape mode. By
default a window is printed such that its longest side
follows the long side of the paper.
-plane number
Specifies which bit plane to use in an image. The
default is to use the entire image and map values into
black and white based on color intensities.
-gray 2 | 3 | 4
Uses a simple 2x2, 3x3, or 4x4 gray scale conversion on
a color image, rather than mapping to strictly black
and white. This doubles, triples, or quadruples the
effective width and height of the image.
-portrait
Forces the window to be printed in portrait mode. By
default a window is printed such that its longest side
follows the long side of the paper.
-rv Forces the window to be printed in reverse video.
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-compact
Uses simple run-length encoding for compact representa-
tion of windows with lots of white pixels.
-output filename
Specifies an output file name. If this option is not
specified, standard output is used.
-append filename
Specifies a filename previously produced by xpr to
which the window is to be appended.
-noff
When specified in conjunction with -append, the window
will appear on the same page as the previous window.
-split n
This option allows the user to split a window onto
several pages. This might be necessary for very large
windows that would otherwise cause the printer to over-
load and print the page in an obscure manner.
-psfig
Suppress translation of the PostScript picture to the
center of the page.
-density dpi
Indicates what dot-per-inch density should be used by
the HP printer.
-cutoff level
Changes the intensity level where colors are mapped to
either black or white for monochrome output on a Laser-
Jet printer. The level is expressed as percentage of
full brightness. Fractions are allowed.
-noposition
This option causes header, trailer, and image position-
ing command generation to be bypassed for LaserJet,
PaintJet and PaintJet XL printers.
-gamma correction
This changes the intensity of the colors printed by
PaintJet XL printer. The correction is a floating point
value in the range 0.00 to 3.00. Consult the
operator's manual to determine the correct value for
the specific printer.
-render algorithm
This allows PaintJet XL printer to render the image
with the best quality versus performance tradeoff.
Consult the operator's manual to determine which
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algorithms are available.
-slide
This option allows overhead transparencies to be
printed using the PaintJet and PaintJet XL printers.
SEE ALSO
xwd(1), xwud(1), X(1)
LIMITATIONS
The current version of xpr can generally print out on the
LN03 most X windows that are not larger than two-thirds of
the screen. For example, it will be able to print out a
large Emacs window, but it will usually fail when trying to
print out the entire screen. The LN03 has memory limita-
tions that can cause it to incorrectly print very large or
complex windows. The two most common errors encountered are
``band too complex'' and ``page memory exceeded.'' In the
first case, a window may have a particular six pixel row
that contains too many changes (from black to white to
black). This will cause the printer to drop part of the
line and possibly parts of the rest of the page. The
printer will flash the number `1' on its front panel when
this problem occurs. A possible solution to this problem is
to increase the scale of the picture, or to split the pic-
ture onto two or more pages. The second problem, ``page
memory exceeded,'' will occur if the picture contains too
much black, or if the picture contains complex half-tones
such as the background color of a display. When this prob-
lem occurs the printer will automatically split the picture
into two or more pages. It may flash the number `5' on its
from panel. There is no easy solution to this problem. It
will probably be necessary to either cut and paste, or to
rework the application to produce a less complex picture.
There are several limitations on the LA100 support: the pic-
ture will always be printed in portrait mode, there is no
scaling, and the aspect ratio will be slightly off.
Support for PostScript output currently cannot handle the
-append, -noff or -split options.
The -compact option is only supported for PostScript output.
It compresses white space but not black space, so it is not
useful for reverse-video windows.
For color images, should map directly to PostScript image
support.
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HP PRINTERS
If no -density is specified on the command line 300 dots per
inch will be assumed for ljet and 90 dots per inch for pjet.
Allowable density values for a LaserJet printer are 300,
150, 100, and 75 dots per inch. Consult the operator's
manual to determine densities supported by other printers.
If no -scale is specified the image will be expanded to fit
the printable page area.
The default printable page area is 8x10.5 inches. Other
paper sizes can be accommodated using the -height and -width
options.
Note that a 1024x768 image fits the default printable area
when processed at 100 dpi with scale=1, the same image can
also be printed using 300 dpi with scale=3 but will require
considerably more data be transferred to the printer.
xpr may be tailored for use with monochrome PCL printers
other than the LaserJet. To print on a ThinkJet (HP2225A)
xpr could be invoked as:
xpr -density 96 -width 6.667 filename
or for black-and-white output to a PaintJet:
xpr -density 180 filename
The monochrome intensity of a pixel is computed as 0.30*R +
0.59*G + 0.11*B. If a pixel's computed intensity is less
than the -cutoff level it will print as white. This maps
light-on-dark display images to black-on-white hardcopy.
The default cutoff intensity is 50% of full brightness.
Example: specifying -cutoff 87.5 moves the white/black
intensity point to 87.5% of full brightness.
A LaserJet printer must be configured with sufficient memory
to handle the image. For a full page at 300 dots per inch
approximately 2MB of printer memory is required.
Color images are produced on the PaintJet at 90 dots per
inch. The PaintJet is limited to sixteen colors from its
330 color palette on each horizontal print line. xpr will
issue a warning message if more than sixteen colors are
encountered on a line. xpr will program the PaintJet for
the first sixteen colors encountered on each line and use
the nearest matching programmed value for other colors
present on the line.
Specifying the -rv, reverse video, option for the PaintJet
will cause black and white to be interchanged on the output
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image. No other colors are changed.
Multiplane images must be recorded by xwd in ZPixmap format.
Single plane (monochrome) images may be in either XYPixmap
or ZPixmap format.
Some PCL printers do not recognize image positioning com-
mands. Output for these printers will not be centered on
the page and header and trailer strings may not appear where
expected.
The -gamma and -render options are supported only on the
PaintJet XL printers.
The -slide option is not supported for LaserJet printers.
The -split option is not supported for HP printers.
The -gray option is not supported for HP or IBM printers.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 1988, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Copyright 1986, Marvin Solomon and the University of Wiscon-
sin.
Copyright 1988, Hewlett Packard Company.
See X(1) for a full statement of rights and permissions.
AUTHORS
Michael R. Gretzinger, MIT Project Athena, Jose Capo, MIT
Project Athena (PP3812 support), Marvin Solomon, University
of Wisconsin, Bob Scheifler, MIT, Angela Bock and E. Mike
Durbin, Rich Inc. (grayscale), Larry Rupp, HP (HP printer
support).
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