OD(1)                                BSD                                 OD(1)



NAME
     od - octal, decimal, hex, ASCII dump

SYNOPSIS
     od [ format ] [ file ] [ [+]offset[.][b] [ label ] ]

DESCRIPTION
     od displays file (or the standard input) in one or more dump formats as
     selected by the first argument.  If you do not soecify the first
     argument, -o is the default.  Dumping continues until end-of-file.

     The offset argument specifies the byte offset into the file where dumping
     is to begin.  By default this argument is interpreted in octal.  If you
     append a period (.) to the argument, od interprets offset in decimal; if
     offset begins with x or 0x, od interprets it in hexadecimal.  If you
     append b (or B), od interprets  offset as a block count, where a block is
     512 (or 1024) bytes.  If you omit the file argument, you must prefix a
     plus sign (+) to the offset argument.

     The radix of the displayed address is the same as the radix of the
     offset, if specified; otherwise it is octal.

     od interprets the label argument as a pseudo-address for the first byte
     displayed.  Shown in parentheses following the file offset, label is
     intended for use with core images to indicate the real memory address.
     The syntax for label is identical to that for offset.

OPTIONS
     The following are the format option characters. An uppercase format
     character implies the long or double-precision form of the object.

     -a[pP]  Interpret bytes as characters and display them with their ASCII
             names.  If you also specify the p character, od underlines bytes
             with even parity.  The P character causes bytes with odd parity
             to be underlined.  Otherwise od ignores the parity bit.

     -b      Interpret bytes as unsigned octal.

     -c      Interpret bytes as ASCII characters.  Certain non-graphic
             characters appear as C escapes:  null=\0, backspace=\b,
             formfeed=\f, newline=\n, return=\r, tab=\t; others appear as
             three-digit octal numbers.  Bytes with the parity bit set are
             displayed in octal.

     -d      Interpret (short) words as unsigned decimal.

     -f      Interpret long words as floating point.

     -h      Interpret (short) words as unsigned hexadecimal.

     -i      Interpret (short) words as signed decimal.

     -l      Interpret long words as signed decimal.

     -o      Interpret (short) words as unsigned octal.

     -s[n]   Look for strings of ASCII graphic characters, terminated with a
             null byte.  The value n specifies the minimum length string to be
             recognized.  By default, the minimum length is three characters.

     -v      Show all data. By default, od does not show display lines that

             are identical to the last line shown, but indicates them with an
             asterisk (*) in column 1.

     -w[n]   The number of input bytes to be interpreted and displayed on each
             output line. If you do not specify -w, od reads 16 bytes for each
             display line.  If you do not specify n, it defaults to 32.

     -x      Interpret (short) words as hexadecimal.

SEE ALSO
     strings(1)

BUGS
     A filename argument can't start with a plus sign (+).

     A hexadecimal offset can't be a block count.

     You can specify only one filename argument.