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NAME
more, page - file perusal filter for CRT viewing
USAGE
more [ -cdflsu ] [ -n ] [ +linenumber ] [ +/pattern ] [ name
... ]
page options
DESCRIPTION
More is a filter that lets you examine continuous text one
full screen at a time on a soft-copy terminal. It normally
pauses after each full screen, and then prints ``--More--''
at the bottom of the screen. If you respond by typing a
carriage return, more displays one more line. If you hit a
space, it displays the next screen of text.
More looks in the file /etc/termcap to determine terminal
characteristics, and to determine the default window size.
On a terminal capable of displaying 24 lines, the default
window size is 22 lines.
More looks in the MORE environment variable to pre-set any
flags desired. For example, if you prefer to view files via
the -c mode of operation, you can use the csh(1) command
setenv MORE -c
or the sh(1) command sequence
MORE='-c' ; export MORE
to force all invocations of more, including those by pro-
grams such as man(1), to use this mode. Normally, you place
the command sequence that sets up the MORE environment vari-
able in the .cshrc or .profile file.
If more is reading from a file, rather than from a pipe, it
reports the percentage of the total text (in characters, not
lines) displayed on the screen thus far. This percentage is
always followed by the ``--More--'' prompt.
If the standard output is not a TTY, then more behaves as
cat(1) does, except that it prints a header before each
file.
Page clears the screen before printing a screen at a time
(that is, if a full screen is to be printed), and k - 1
rather than k - 2 lines are printed for each screen, where k
is the number of lines the terminal can display.
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OPTIONS
-n Set the size (in lines) of the display window to n.
-c Draw each page by beginning at the top of the screen
and erasing each line just before drawing on it. This
avoids scrolling the screen, making text easier to read
while more is writing. This option is ignored if the
terminal does not have the ability to clear to the end
of a line.
-d Prompt with the message ``Hit space to continue, Rubout
to abort'' at the end of each full screen. This is
helpful if more is being used as a filter in some spe-
cial setting involving unsophisticated users.
-f Count logical lines rather than screen lines. Do not
fold long lines. This option helps when you pipe
nroff(1) output through ul(1), since the latter may
generate escape sequences. These escape sequences con-
tain characters that would ordinarily occupy screen
positions, but that do not print when sent to the ter-
minal as part of an escape sequence. Thus, more may
interpret lines to be longer than they actually are,
and fold lines erroneously.
-l Do not treat form feeds specially. Without this
option, more pauses after any line containing a form
feed, as if the end of a full screen had been reached.
Also, if a file begins with a form feed, more clears
the screen before the file is printed.
-s Squeeze multiple blank lines from the output, producing
only one blank line. Especially helpful when viewing
nroff(1) output, this option maximizes the useful
information present on the screen.
-u Suppress the normal method of handling underlining.
Thus, do not output appropriate escape sequences to
enable underlining or standout mode for underlined
information in the source file.
+linenumber
Begin displaying text at linenumber.
+/pattern
Begin displaying text two lines before the line con-
taining the regular expression pattern.
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COMMANDS
Other sequences that may be typed when more pauses are
described below (i is an optional integer argument, default-
ing to 1). The commands take effect immediately, i.e., it
is not necessary to type a carriage return. Up to the time
when the command character itself is given, you may use the
line kill character to cancel the numerical argument being
formed. In addition, you may use the erase character to
redisplay the ``--More--(xx%)'' message.
At any time when output is being sent to the terminal, you
may issue an interrupt. More then stops sending output and
displays the usual ``--More--'' prompt. You may then enter
one of the commands in the normal manner. Unfortunately,
some output is lost when this is done, because any charac-
ters waiting in the terminal's output queue are flushed when
the quit signal occurs.
The terminal is set to noecho mode by this program so that
the output can be continuous. Thus, what you type does not
appear on the terminal, except when you use slash (/) or
exclamation point (!) commands.
i<space> Display i more lines (or another full screen, if
no argument is given).
↑Di Display 11 more lines (a ``scroll''). If i is
also specified, set the scroll size to i.
d Same as a ↑D (CONTROL-D).
iz Same as typing a space, except that i, if present,
becomes the new window size.
is Skip i lines ahead and print the next full screen
of lines after that.
if Skip i full screens ahead and print the next full
screen of lines after that.
q or Q Exit from the program.
= Display the current line number.
v Start up the editor vi(1) at the current line.
h Help; give a description of all the more commands.
i/expr Search for the ith occurrence of the regular
expression expr. If there are less than i
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occurrences of expr, and the input is a file
rather than a pipe, then the position in the file
remains unchanged. Otherwise, a full screen is
displayed, starting two lines before the location
of the expression. Erase and kill characters may
be used to edit the regular expression. Erasing
back past the first column cancels the search com-
mand.
in Search for the ith occurrence of the last regular
expression entered.
' (single quote) Go to the point where the last
search began. If no search has been performed in
the current file, go back to the beginning of the
file.
!command Invoke a Shell with command. Replace the percent
(%) and exclamation point (!) characters in com-
mand with the current filename and the previous
Shell command respectively. If no current
filename exists, the percent (%) is not expanded.
The \% and \! sequences are replaced by % and !
respectively.
i:n Skip to the ith next file given in the command
line (or to last file if n is inappropriate).
i:p Skip to the ith previous file given in the command
line. If you issue this command while printing a
file, more returns to the beginning of the file.
If i is inappropriate, more skips back to the
first file. If more is not reading from a file,
it causes a bell to sound, but takes no further
action.
:f Display the current filename and line number.
:q or :Q Same as q or Q.
. (period) Repeat the previous command.
EXAMPLE
To use more to help preview nroff(1) output, type the fol-
lowing:
nroff -ms +2 doc.n | more -s
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FILES
/etc/termcap terminal data base
/usr/lib/more.help help file
AUTHOR
Eric Shienbrood.
RELATED INFORMATION
csh(1), man(1), sh(1), environ(7).
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