CW(1) DOMAIN/IX SYS5 CW(1)
NAME
cw, checkcw - prepare constant-width text for troff
USAGE
cw [-lxx] [-rxx] [-fn] [-t|+t] [-d] file(s)
checkcw [-lxx] [-rxx] file(s)
DESCRIPTION
Cw is a preprocessor for troff(1) input files containing
text to be typeset in the constant-width (CW) font.
Since text typeset using the CW font resembles the output of
terminals and line printers, this font is used to typeset
program examples and computer output in user manuals, pro-
gramming texts, etc. It has been designed to look quite
distinctive when used with the Times Roman font.
Because the CW font contains a ``non-standard'' set of char-
acters, and text typeset with it requires different charac-
ter and interword spacing than is used for ``standard''
fonts, documents that use the CW font must be preprocessed
by cw.
The CW font contains the following 94 printable ASCII char-
acters:
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
0123456789
!$%&()`'*+@.,/:;=?[]|-_^~"<>{}#
plus eight non-ASCII characters represented by four-
character troff(1) names (in some cases attaching these
names to ``non-standard'' graphics), as follows:
Character Symbol Troff Name
_________________________________________
``Cents'' sign ¢ \(ct
EBCDIC ``not'' sign \(no
Left arrow <- \(<-
Right arrow -> \(->
Down arrow \(da
Vertical single quote ' \(fm
Control-shift indicator † \(dg
Visible space indicator [] \(sq
Hyphen - \(hy
Printed 12/4/86 CW-1
CW(1) DOMAIN/IX SYS5 CW(1)
The hyphen is a synonym for a plain minus sign (-). Certain
versions of cw recognize two additional names: \(ua for an
up arrow and \(lh for a diagonal left-up (home) arrow.
Cw recognizes five request lines, as well as user-defined
delimiters. The request lines look like troff(1) macro
requests, and are copied in their entirety by cw onto its
output. Thus, you can define them as troff(1) macros. In
fact, the %.CW% and %.CN% macros should be defined this way.
Cw reads the standard input when no files are specified, so
it can be used as a filter. A typical use is as follows:
cw files | troff ...
Checkcw checks that left and right delimiters, as well as
the %.CW%/%.CN% pairs, are properly balanced. It prints out
all offending lines.
This version of the commands is an older one (pre-System V),
because the System V version is only available through the
AT&T Documenter's Workbench for which Apollo has not yet
been licensed.
REQUESTS
.CW Set start of text in the CW font. Use %.CW% to cause a
break. Take precisely the same options, in precisely
the same format, that are available on the cw command
line.
.CN Set end of text in the CW font. Use %.CN% to cause a
break. Take the same options that are available on the
cw command line.
.CD Change delimiters and/or settings of other options.
Take the same options that are available on the cw com-
mand line.
.CParg1 arg2 arg3 ...argn
Concatenate all arguments that are delimited like
troff(1) macro arguments. Set the the odd-numbered
arguments in the CW font, and the even-numbered ones in
the prevailing font.
.PCarg1 arg2 arg3 ...argn
Perform the same function as %.CP%, except set the
even-numbered (rather than odd-numbered) arguments in
the CW font.
CW-2 Printed 12/4/86
CW(1) DOMAIN/IX SYS5 CW(1)
The %.CW% and %.CN% requests are meant to bracket text
(e.g., a program fragment) to be typeset in the CW font ``as
is.'' Normally, cw operates in the transparent mode. In
this mode, except for the %.CD% request and the nine special
four-character names listed in the table above, every char-
acter between %.CW% and %.CN% request lines stands for
itself.
In particular, cw arranges for periods (.) and apostrophes
(') at the beginning of lines, and backslashes (%\%) and
ligatures (%fi%, %ff%, etc.) everywhere to be ``hidden''
from troff(1). The transparent mode can be turned off (see
below), in which case normal troff(1) rules apply. In any
case, the effect of the font changes generated by the %.CW%
and %.CN% requests are invisible to you.
The only purpose of the %.CD% request is to allow the chang-
ing of various options other than just at the beginning of a
document.
DELIMITERS
You can also define delimiters. The left and right delim-
iters perform the same function as the %.CW%/%.CN% requests;
they are meant, however, to enclose CW ``words'' or
``phrases'' in running text. Cw treats text enclosed by
delimiters just like text bracketed by %.CW%/%.CN% pairs.
For aesthetic reasons, however, spaces in text bracketed by
%.CW%/%.CN% pairs have the same width as any other CW char-
acter. Spaces between delimiters are half as wide, so that
they have the same width as spaces in the prevailing text
(but they are not adjustable).
Delimiters have no special meaning inside %.CW%/%.CN% pairs.
OPTIONS
-lxx Specify the one- or two-character string xx as the
left delimiter. If xx is omitted, specify the
left delimiter as undefined, which it is ini-
tially.
-rxx Specify the one- or two-character string xx as the
right delimiter. The left and right delimiters
may (but need not) be different.
-fn Mount the CW font in font position n. Acceptable
values for n are 1, 2, and 3 (the default is 3,
replacing the bold font). This option is only
useful at the beginning of a document.
-t Turn transparent mode off.
Printed 12/4/86 CW-3
CW(1) DOMAIN/IX SYS5 CW(1)
+t Turn transparent mode on (initial default).
-d Print current option settings on file descriptor 2
in the form of troff(1) comment lines. This
option is meant for debugging.
CAUTIONS
Text preprocessed by cw requires that it be set typeset on a
machine equipped with the CW font.
It is not wise to use periods (%.%) or backslashes (%\%) as
delimiters.
Some CW characters do not concatenate gracefully with cer-
tain Times Roman characters; e.g., a CW ampersand (%&%) fol-
lowed by a Times Roman comma(%,%). In such cases, troff(1)
half- and quarter-spaces must be carefully used.
Cw output is often difficult to read.
FILES
/usr/lib/font/ftCW CW font-width table
RELATED INFORMATION
eqn(1)
mm(1)
tbl(1)
troff(1)
CW-4 Printed 12/4/86