NAME

mwm - A Window Manager

SYNOPSIS

mwm [options]

DESCRIPTION

mwm is an X11 client that provides window management functionality and some session management functionality.  It provides functions that facilitate control (by the user and the programmer) of elements of window states such as placement, size, icon/normal display, input focus ownership, etc.  It also provides session management functions such as stopping a client. 

OPTIONS

−display display
This option specifies the display to use; see X(1). 

−xrm resourcestring
This option specifies a resource string to use.

Appearance

The following sections describe the basic default behaviors of windows, icons, the icon box, input focus, and window stacking.  The appearance and behavior of the window manager can be altered by changing the configuration of specific resources.  Resources are defined under the heading "X DEFAULTS."

Windows

Default mwm window frames have distinct components with associated functions:

Title AreaIn addition to displaying the client’s title, the title area is used to move the window.  To move the window, place the pointer over the title area, press button 1 and drag the window to a new location.  A wire frame is moved during the drag to indicate the new location.  When the button is released, the window is moved to the new location. 

Title BarThe title bar includes the title area, the minimize button, the maximize button and the window menu button. 

Minimize ButtonTo turn the window back into its icon, do a button 1 click on the minimize button (the frame box with a small square in it). 

Maximize ButtonTo make the window fill the screen (or enlarge to the largest size allowed by the configuration files), do a button 1 click on the maximize button (the frame box with a large square in it). 

Window Menu ButtonThe window menu button is the frame box with a horizontal bar in it.  To pop up the window menu, press button 1.  While pressing, drag the pointer on the menu to your selection, then release the button when your selection is highlighted.  Alternately, you can click button 1 to pop up the menu and keep it posted; then position the pointer and select. 

Default Window Menu
Selection	Accelerator	Description
Restore	Alt+F5	Inactive (not an option for windows).
Move	Alt+F7	Allows the window to be moved with keys
		or mouse.
Size	Alt+F8	Allows the window to be resized.
Minimize	Alt+F9	Turns the window into an icon.
Maximize	Alt+F10	Makes the window fill the screen.
Lower	Alt+F11	Moves window to bottom of window stack.
Close	Alt+F4	Removes client from mwm management.

Resize Border HandlesTo change the size of a window, move the pointer over a resize border handle (the cursor will change), press button 1, and drag the window to a new size.  When the button is released, the window is resized.  While dragging is being done, a rubber-band outline is displayed to indicate the new window size. 

MatteAn optional matte decoration can be added between the client area and the window frame.  A matte is not actually part of the window frame.  There is no functionality associated with a matte. 

Icons

Icons are small graphic representations of windows.  A window can be minimized (iconified) using the minimize button on the window frame.  Icons provide a way to reduce clutter on the screen. 

Pressing mouse button 1 when the pointer is over an icon will cause the icon’s window menu to pop up.  Releasing the button (press + release without moving mouse = click) will cause the menu to stay posted.  The menu contains the following selections:

Icon Window Menu
Selection	Accelerator	Description
Restore	Alt+F5	Opens the associated window.
Move	Alt+F7	Allows the icon to be moved with keys.
Size	Alt+F8	Inactive (not an option for icons).
Minimize	Alt+F9	Inactive (not an option for icons).
Maximize	Alt+F10	Opens the associated window and makes
		it fill the screen.
Lower	Alt+F11	Moves icon to bottom of icon stack.
Close	Alt+F4	Removes client from mwm management.

Double-clicking button 1 on an icon normalizes the icon into its associated window.  Double-clicking button 1 on the icon box’s icon opens the icon box and allow access to the contained icons.  (In general, double-clicking a mouse button offers a quick way to have a function performed.  Another example is double-clicking button 1 with the pointer on the window menu button.  This closes the window.) 

Icon Box

When icons begin to clutter the screen, they can be packed into an "icon box."  (To use an icon box, mwm must be started with the icon box configuration already set.)  The icon box is a window manager window that holds client icons.  Icons in the icon box can be manipulated with the mouse.  The following table summarizes the behavior of this interface.  Button actions apply whenever the pointer is on any part of the icon. 

Button Action	Description
Button 1 click	Selects the icon.
Button 1 double click	Normalizes (opens) the associated window.
Button 1 double click	Raises an already open window
	to the top of the stack.
Button 1 drag	Moves the icon.

The window menu of the icon box differs from the window menu of a client window: The "Close" selection is replaced with the "PackIcons Alt+F12" selection.  When selected, PackIcons packs the icons in the box to achieve neat rows with no empty slots. 

Input Focus

mwm supports (by default) a keyboard input focus policy of explicit selection.  This means when a window is selected to get keyboard input, it continues to get keyboard input until the window is withdrawn from window management, another window is explicitly selected to get keyboard input, or the window is iconified.  There are numerous resources that control the input focus.  The client window with the keyboard input focus has the active window appearance with a visually distinctive window frame. 

The following tables summarize the keyboard input focus selection behavior:

Button Action	Object	Function Description
Button 1 press	Window / window frame	Keyboard focus selection
Button 1 press	Icon	Keyboard focus selection

Key Action	Function Description
[Alt][Tab]	Move input focus to next window in window stack.
[Alt][Shift][Tab]	Move input focus to previous window in window stack.

Window stacking

The stacking order of windows may be changed as a result of setting the keyboard input focus, iconifying a window, or by doing a window manager window stacking function. 

When a window is iconified, the window’s icon is placed on the bottom of the stack. 

The following table summarizes the default window stacking behavior of the window manager:

Key Action	Function Description
[Alt][ESC]	Put bottom window on top of stack.
[Alt][Shift][ESC]	Put top window on bottom of stack.

A window can also be raised to the top when it gets the keyboard input focus (e.g., by doing a button 1 press on the window or by using [Alt][Tab]) if this auto-raise feature is enabled with the focusAutoRaise resource. 
 
 

X DEFAULTS

mwm is configured from its resource database.  This database is built from the following sources. They are listed in order of precedence, low to high:

  app-defaults/Mwm
  RESOURCE_MANAGER root window property or $HOME/.Xdefaults
  XENVIRONMENT variable or $HOME/.Xdefaults-host
  mwm command line options

Entries in the resource database may refer to other resource files for specific types of resources. These include files that contain bitmaps, fonts, and mwm specific resources such as menus and behavior specifications (i.e., button and key bindings). 

Mwm is the resource class name of mwm and mwm is the resource name used by mwm to look up resources.  In the following discussion of resource specification "Mwm" and "mwm" can be used interchangeably. 

mwm uses the following types of resources:

Component Appearance Resources:

These resources specify appearance attributes of window manager user interface components.  They can be applied to the appearance of window manager menus, feedback windows (e.g., the window reconfiguration feedback window), client window frames, and icons. 

Specific Appearance and Behavior Resources:

These resources specify mwm appearance and behavior (e.g., window management policies).  They are not set separately for different mwm user interface components. 

Client Specific Resources:

These mwm resources can be set for a particular client window or class of client windows.  They specify client-specific icon and client window frame appearance and behavior. 

Resource identifiers can be either a resource name (e.g., foreground) or a resource class (e.g., Foreground).  If the value of a resource is a filename and if the filename is prefixed by "~/", then it is relative to the path contained in the $HOME environment variable (generally the user’s home directory).  This is the only environment variable mwm uses directly ($XENVIRONMENT is used by the resource manager). 

Component Appearance Resources

The syntax for specifying component appearance resources that apply to window manager icons, menus, and client window frames is

  Mwm∗resource_id

For example, Mwm∗foreground is used to specify the foreground color for mwm menus, icons, and client window frames. 

The syntax for specifying component appearance resources that apply to a particular mwm component is

  Mwm∗[menu|icon|client|feedback]∗resource_id

If menu is specified, the resource is applied only to mwm menus; if icon is specified, the resource is applied to icons; and if client is specified, the resource is applied to client window frames.  For example, Mwm∗icon∗foreground is used to specify the foreground color for mwm icons, Mwm∗menu∗foreground specifies the foreground color for mwm menus, and Mwm∗client∗foreground is used to specify the foreground color for mwm client window frames. 

The appearance of the title area of a client window frame (including window management buttons) can be separately configured.  The syntax for configuring the title area of a client window frame is:

Mwm∗client∗title∗resource_id

For example, Mwm∗client∗title∗foreground specifies the foreground color for the title area.  Defaults for title area resources are based on the values of the corresponding client window frame resources. 

The appearance of menus can be configured based on the name of the menu.  The syntax for specifying menu appearance by name is:

Mwm∗menu∗menu_name∗resource_id

For example, Mwm∗menu∗my_menu∗foreground specifies the foreground color for the menu named my_menu. 

The following component appearance resources that apply to all window manager parts can be specified:
 

Component Appearance Resources - All Window Manager Parts
Name	Class	Value Type	Default
background	Background	color	varies∗
backgroundPixmap	BackgroundPixmap	string∗∗	varies∗
bottomShadowColor	Foreground	color	varies∗
bottomShadowPixmap	BottomShadowPixmap	string∗∗	varies∗
fontList	FontList	string∗∗∗	"fixed"
foreground	Foreground	color	varies∗
saveUnder	SaveUnder	T/F	F
topShadowColor	Background	color	varies∗
topShadowPixmap	TopShadowPixmap	string∗∗	varies∗

∗The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen. 
∗∗Pixmap image name. See XmInstallImage(3X).
∗∗∗X11 R3 Font description.
 

background (class Background)
This resource specifies the background color. Any legal X color may be specified.  The default value is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.

backgroundPixmap (class BackgroundPixmap)
This resource specifies the background Pixmap of the mwm decoration when the window is inactive (does not have the keyboard focus).  The default value is chosen based on the visual type of the screen. 

bottomShadowColor (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow color. This color is used for the lower and right bevels of the window manager decoration. Any legal X color may be specified.  The default value is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.

bottomShadowPixmap (class BottomShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow Pixmap. This Pixmap is used for the lower and right bevels of the window manager decoration. The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.

fontList (class Font)
This resource specifies the font used in the window manager decoration. The character encoding of the font should match the character encoding of the strings that are used. The default is "fixed."

foreground (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the foreground color. The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.

saveUnder (class SaveUnder)
This is used to indicate whether "save unders" are used for mwm components.  For this to have any effect, save unders must be implemented by the X server.  If save unders are implemented, the X server will save the contents of windows obscured by windows that have the save under attribute set.  If the saveUnder resource is True, mwm will set the save under attribute on the window manager frame of any client that has it set.  If saveUnder is False, save unders will not be used on any window manager frames.  The default value is False. 

topShadowColor (class Background)
This resource specifies the top shadow color. This color is used for the upper and left bevels of the window manager decoration. The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.

topShadowPixmap (class TopShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the top shadow Pixmap. This Pixmap is used for the upper and left bevels of the window manager decoration. The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.

The following component appearance resources that apply to frame and icons can be specified:
 

Frame and Icon Components
Name	Class	Value Type	Default
activeBackground	Background	color	varies∗
activeBackgroundPixmap	BackgroundPixmap	string∗∗	varies∗
activeBottomShadowColor	Foreground	color	varies∗
activeBottomShadowPixmap	BottomShadowPixmap	string∗∗	varies∗
activeForeground	Foreground	color	varies∗
activeTopShadowColor	Background	color	varies∗
activeTopShadowPixmap	TopShadowPixmap	string∗∗	varies∗

∗The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen. 
∗∗See XmInstallImage(3X).
 

activeBackground (class Background)
This resource specifies the background color of the mwm decoration when the window is active (has the keyboard focus).  The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen. 

activeBackgroundPixmap (class ActiveBackgroundPixmap)
This resource specifies the background Pixmap of the mwm decoration when the window is active (has the keyboard focus).  The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen. 

activeBottomShadowColor (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow color of the mwm decoration when the window is active (has the keyboard focus).  The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen. 

activeBottomShadowPixmap (class BottomShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow Pixmap of the mwm decoration when the window is active (has the keyboard focus).  The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.

activeForeground (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the foreground color of the mwm decoration when the window is active (has the keyboard focus).  The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen. 

activeTopShadowColor (class Background)
This resource specifies the top shadow color of the mwm decoration when the window is active (has the keyboard focus).  The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen. 

activeTopShadowPixmap (class TopShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the top shadow Pixmap of the mwm decoration when the window is active (has the keyboard focus).  The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen. 

Specific Appearance And Behavior Resources

 
The syntax for specifying specific appearance and behavior resources is

    Mwm∗resource_id

For example, Mwm∗keyboardFocusPolicy specifies the window manager policy for setting the keyboard focus to a particular client window. 

The following specific appearance and behavior resources can be specified:

Specific Appearance and Behavior Resources
Name	Class	Value Type	Default
autoKeyFocus	AutoKeyFocus	T/F	T
autoRaiseDelay	AutoRaiseDelay	millisec	500
bitmapDirectory	BitmapDirectory	directory	/usr/include/X11/bitmaps
buttonBindings	ButtonBindings	string	NULL
cleanText	CleanText	T/F	T
clientAutoPlace	ClientAutoPlace	T/F	T
colormapFocusPolicy	ColormapFocusPolicy	string	keyboard
configFile	ConfigFile	file	.mwmrc
deiconifyKeyFocus	DeiconifyKeyFocus	T/F	T
doubleClickTime	DoubleClickTime	millisec.	500
enforceKeyFocus	EnforceKeyFocus	T/F	T
fadeNormalIcon	FadeNormalIcon	T/F	F
frameBorderWidth	FrameBorderWidth	pixels	5
iconAutoPlace	IconAutoPlace	T/F	T
iconBoxGeometry	IconBoxGeometry	string	6x1+0-0
iconBoxName	IconBoxName	string	iconbox
iconBoxTitle	IconBoxTitle	string	Icons
iconClick	IconClick	T/F	T
iconDecoration	IconDecoration	string	varies
iconImageMaximum	IconImageMaximum	wxh	50x50
iconImageMinimum	IconImageMinimum	wxh	32x32
iconPlacement	IconPlacement	string	left bottom
iconPlacementMargin	IconPlacementMargin	pixels	varies
interactivePlacement	InteractivePlacement	T/F	F
keyBindings	KeyBindings	string	system
keyboardFocusPolicy	KeyboardFocusPolicy	string	explicit
limitResize	LimitResize	T/F	T
lowerOnIconify	LowerOnIconify	T/F	T
maximumMaximumSize	MaximumMaximumSize	wxh (pixels)	2X screen w&h
moveThreshold	MoveThreshold	pixels	4
passButtons	PassButtons	T/F	F
passSelectButton	PassSelectButton	T/F	T
positionIsFrame	PositionIsFrame	T/F	T
positionOnScreen	PositionOnScreen	T/F	T
quitTimeout	QuitTimeout	millisec.	1000
resizeBorderWidth	ResizeBorderWidth	pixels	10
resizeCursors	ResizeCursors	T/F	T
showFeedback	ShowFeedback	string	all
startupKeyFocus	StartupKeyFocus	T/F	T
transientDecoration	TransientDecoration	string	system title
transientFunctions	TransientFunctions	string	-minimize -maximize
useIconBox	UseIconBox	T/F	F
wMenuButtonClick	WMenuButtonClick	T/F	T
wMenuButtonClick2	WMenuButtonClick2	T/F	T

 

autoKeyFocus (class AutoKeyFocus)
This resource is only available when the keyboard input focus policy is explicit.  If autoKeyFocus is given a value of True, then when a window with the keyboard input focus is withdrawn from window management or is iconified, the focus is set to the previous window that had the focus.  If the value given is False, there is no automatic setting of the keyboard input focus.  The default value is True.

autoRaiseDelay (class AutoRaiseDelay)
This resource is only available when the focusAutoRaise resource is True and the keyboard focus policy is pointer. The autoRaiseDelay resource specifies the amount of time (in milliseconds) that mwm will wait before raising a window after it gets the keyboard focus.  The default value of this resource is 500 (ms). 

bitmapDirectory (class BitmapDirectory)
This resource identifies a directory to be searched for bitmaps referenced by mwm resources.  This directory is searched if a bitmap is specified without an absolute pathname.  The default value for this resource is "/usr/include/X11/bitmaps". 

buttonBindings (class ButtonBindings)
This resource identifies the set of button bindings for window management functions. The named set of button bindings is specified in the mwm resource description file.  These button bindings are merged with the built-in default bindings.  The default value for this resource is NULL (i.e., no button bindings are added to the built-in button bindings). 

cleanText (classCleanText)
This resource controls the display of window manager text in the client title and feedback windows. If the default value of True is used, the text is drawn with a clear (no stipple) background.  This makes text easier to read on monochrome systems where a backgroundPixmap is specified. Only the stippling in the area immediately around the text is cleared.  If False, the text is drawn directly on top of the existing background.

clientAutoPlace (class ClientAutoPlace)
This resource determines the position of a window when the window has not been given a user specified position.  With a value of True, windows are positioned with the top left corners of the frames offset horizontally and vertically.  A value of False causes the currently configured position of the window to be used.  In either case, mwm will attempt to place the windows totally on-screen.  The default value is True. 

colormapFocusPolicy (class ColormapFocusPolicy)
This resource indicates the colormap focus policy that is to be used. If the resource value is explicit then a colormap selection action is done on a client window to set the colormap focus to that window. If the value is pointer then the client window containing the pointer has the colormap focus. If the value is keyboard then the client window that has the keyboard input focus will have the colormap focus. The default value for this resource is keyboard.

configFile (class ConfigFile)
The resource value is the pathname for an mwm resource description file.  The default is .mwmrc in the user’s home directory (based on the $HOME environment variable) if this file exists, otherwise /usr/lib/X11/system.mwmrc. 

deiconifyKeyFocus (class DeiconifyKeyFocus)
This resource only applies when the keyboard input focus policy is explicit.  If a value of True is used, a window will receive the keyboard input focus when it is normalized (deiconified).  True is the default value.

doubleClickTime (class DoubleClickTime)
This resource is used to set the maximum time (in ms) between the clicks (button presses) that make up a double-click. The default value of this resource is 500 (ms).

enforceKeyFocus (class EnforceKeyFocus)
If this resource is given a value of True, then the keyboard input focus is always explicitly set to selected windows even if there is an indication that they are "globally active" input windows.  (An example of a globally active window is a scroll bar that can be operated without setting the focus to that client.)  If the resource is False, the keyboard input focus is not explicitly set to globally active windows.  The default value is True.

fadeNormalIcon (class FadeNormalIcon)
If this resource is given a value of True, an icon is grayed out whenever it has been normalized (its window has been opened).  The default value is False.

frameBorderWidth (class FrameBorderWidth)
This resource specifies the width (in pixels) of a client window frame border without resize handles.  The border width includes the 3-D shadows.  The default value is 5 pixels.

iconAutoPlace (class IconAutoPlace)
This resource indicates whether icons are automatically placed on the screen by mwm, or are placed by the user.  Users may specify an initial icon position and may move icons after initial placement; however, mwm will adjust the user-specified position to fit into an invisible grid.  When icons are automatically placed, mwm places them into the grid using a scheme set with the iconPlacement resource.  If the iconAutoPlace resource has a value of True, then mwm does automatic icon placement.  A value of False allows user placement.  The default value of this resource is True. 

iconBoxGeometry (class IconBoxGeometry)
This resource indicates the initial position and size of the icon box.  The value of the resource is a standard window geometry string with the following syntax:

[=][widthxheight][{+-}xoffset{+-}yoffset]

If the offsets are not provided, the iconPlacement policy is used to determine the initial placement.  The units for width and height are columns and rows. 

The actual screen size of the icon box window will depend on the iconImageMaximum (size) and iconDecoration resources.  The default value for size is (6 ∗ iconWidth + padding) wide by (1 ∗ iconHeight + padding) high.  The default value of the location is +0 -0. 

iconBoxName (class IconBoxName)
This resource specifies the name that is used to look up icon box resources.  The default name is iconbox.

iconBoxTitle (class IconBoxTitle)
This resource specifies the name that is used in the title area of the icon box frame.  The default value is Icons.

iconClick (class IconClick)
When this resource is given the value of True, the system menu is posted and left posted when an icon is clicked.  The default value is True.

iconDecoration (class IconDecoration)
This resource specifies the general icon decoration. The resource value is label"(only the label part is displayed) or image (only the image part is displayed) or label image (both the label and image parts are displayed). A value of activelabel can also be specified to get a label (not truncated to the width of the icon) when the icon is selected. The default icon decoration for icon box icons is that each icon has a label part and an image part (label image). The default icon decoration for stand-alone icons is that each icon has an active label part, a label part and an image part (activelabel label image).

iconImageMaximum (class IconImageMaximum)
This resource specifies the maximum size of the icon image.  The resource value is widthxheight (e.g., 64x64).  The maximum supported size is 128x128.  The default value of this resource is 50x50. 

iconImageMinimum (class IconImageMinimum)
This resource specifies the minimum size of the icon image.  The resource value is widthxheight (e.g., 32x50).  The minimum supported size is 16x16.  The default value of this resource is 32x32. 

iconPlacement (class IconPlacement)
This resource specifies the icon placement scheme to be used. The resource value has the following syntax:

 primary_layout  secondary_layout

The layout values are one of the following:
 

top	Lay the icons out top to bottom.
bottom	Lay the icons out bottom to top.
left	Lay the icons out left to right.
right	Lay the icons out right to left.

A horizontal (vertical) layout value should not be used for both the primary_layout and the secondary_layout (e.g., don’t use top for the primary_layout and bottom for the secondary_layout).  The primary_layout indicates whether, when an icon placement is done, the icon is placed in a row or a column and the direction of placement.  The secondary_layout indicates where to place new rows or columns.  For example, top right indicates that icons should be placed top to bottom on the screen and that columns should be added from right to left on the screen.  The default placement is left bottom (icons are placed left to right on the screen, with the first row on the bottom of the screen, and new rows added from the bottom of the screen to the top of the screen). 

iconPlacementMargin (class IconPlacementMargin)
This resource sets the distance between the edge of the screen and the icons that are placed along the edge of the screen. The value should be greater than or equal to 0. A default value (see below) is used if the value specified is invalid. The default value for this resource is equal to the space between icons as they are placed on the screen (this space is based on maximizing the number of icons in each row and column).

interactivePlacement (class InteractivePlacement)
This resource controls the initial placement of new windows on the screen. If the value is True, then the pointer shape changes before a new window is placed on the screen to indicate to the user that a position should be selected for the upper-left hand corner of the window. If the value is False, then windows are placed according to the initial window configuration attributes. The default value of this resource is False.

keyBindings (class KeyBindings)
This resource identifies the set of key bindings for window management functions. If specified these key bindings replace the built-in default bindings.  The named set of key bindings is specified in mwm resource description file.  The default value for this resource is the set of system-compatible key bindings. 

keyboardFocusPolicy (class KeyboardFocusPolicy)
If set to pointer, the keyboard focus policy is to have the keyboard focus set to the client window that contains the pointer (the pointer could also be in the client window decoration that mwm adds).  If set to explicit, the policy is to have the keyboard focus set to a client window when the user presses button 1 with the pointer on the client window or any part of the associated mwm decoration.  The default value for this resource is explicit. 

limitResize (class LimitResize)
If this resource is True, the user is not allowed to resize a window to greater than the maximum size. The default value for this resource is True.

lowerOnIconify (class LowerOnIconify)
If this resource is given the default value of True, a window’s icon appears on the bottom of the window stack when the window is minimized (iconified).  A value of False places the icon in the stacking order at the same place as its associated window.

maximumMaximumSize (class MaximumMaximumSize)
This resource is used to limit the maximum size of a client window as set by the user or client. The resource value is widthxheight (e.g., 1024x1024) where the width and height are in pixels.  The default value of this resource is twice the screen width and height. 

moveThreshold (class MoveThreshold)
This resource is used to control the sensitivity of dragging operations that move windows and icons. The value of this resource is the number of pixels that the locator will be moved with a button down before the move operation is initiated. This is used to prevent window/icon movement when a click or double-click is done and there is unintentional pointer movement with the button down. The default value of this resource is 4 (pixels).

passButtons (class PassButtons)
This resource indicates whether or not button press events are passed to clients after they are used to do a window manager function in the client context. If the resource value is False, then the button press will not be passed to the client. If the value is True, the button press is passed to the client window. The window manager function is done in either case. The default value for this resource is False.

passSelectButton (class PassSelectButton)
This resource indicates whether or not the keyboard input focus selection button press (if keyboardFocusPolicy is explicit) is passed on to the client window or used to do a window management action associated with the window decorations. If the resource value is False then the button press will not be used for any operation other than selecting the window to be the keyboard input focus; if the value is True, the button press is passed to the client window or used to do a window management operation, if appropriate. The keyboard input focus selection is done in either case. The default value for this resource is True.

positionIsFrame (class PositionIsFrame)
This resource indicates how client window position information (from the WM_NORMAL_HINTS property and from configuration requests) is to be interpreted. If the resource value is True then the information is interpreted as the position of the mwm client window frame.  If the value is False then it is interpreted as being the position of the client area of the window.  The default value of this resource is True. 

positionOnScreen (class PositionOnScreen)
This resource is used to indicate that windows should initially be placed (if possible) so that they are not clipped by the edge of the screen (if the resource value is True). If a window is larger then the size of the screen then at least the upper left corner of the window will be on-screen. If the resource value is False, then windows are placed in the requested position even if totally off-screen. The default value of this resource is True.

quitTimeout (class QuitTimeout)
This resource specifies the amount of time (in milliseconds) that mwm will wait for a client to update the WM_COMMAND property after mwm has sent the WM_SAVE_YOURSELF message.  This protocol will only be used for those clients that have a WM_SAVE_YOURSELF atom and no WM_DELETE_WINDOW atom in the WM_PROTOCOLS client window property.  The default value of this resource is 1000 (ms). (Refer to the f.kill function for additional information.) 

resizeBorderWidth (class ResizeBorderWidth)
This resource specifies the width (in pixels) of a client window frame border with resize handles.  The specified border width includes the 3-D shadows. The default is 10 (pixels).

resizeCursors (class ResizeCursors)
This is used to indicate whether the resize cursors are always displayed when the pointer is in the window size border. If True the cursors are shown, otherwise the window manager cursor is shown. The default value is True.

showFeedback (class ShowFeedback)
This resource controls when feedback information is displayed.  It controls both window position and size feedback during move or resize operations and initial client placement.  It also controls window manager message and dialog boxes.  The value for this resource is a list of names of the feedback options to be enabled; the names must be separated by a space.  The names of the feedback options are shown below:

Name	Description
all	Show all feedback. (Default value.)
behavior	Confirm behavior switch.
move	Show position during move.
none	Show no feedback.
placement	Show position and size during initial placement.
resize	Show size during resize.
restart	Confirm mwm restart.

The following command line illustrates the syntax for showFeedback:

Mwm∗showFeedback: placement resize behavior restart

This resource specification provides feedback for initial client placement and resize, and enables the dialog boxes to confirm the restart and set behavior functions.  It disables feedback for the move function. 

startupKeyFocus (class StartupKeyFocus)
This resource is only available when the keyboard input focus policy is explicit.  When given the default value of True, a window gets the keyboard input focus when the window is mapped (i.e., initially managed by the window manager).

transientDecoration (class TransientDecoration)
This controls the amount of decoration that Mwm puts on transient windows. The decoration specification is exactly the same as for the clientDecoration (client specific) resource.  Transient windows are identified by the WM_TRANSIENT_FOR property which is added by the client to indicate a relatively temporary window.  The default value for this resource is menu title (i.e., transient windows will have resize borders and a titlebar with a window menu button). 

transientFunctions (class TransientFunctions)
This resource is used to indicate which window management functions are applicable (or not applicable) to transient windows. The function specification is exactly the same as for the clientFunctions (client specific) resource.  The default value for this resource is -minimize -maximize. 

useIconBox (class UseIconBox)
If this resource is given a value of True, icons are placed in an icon box.  When an icon box is not used, the icons are placed on the root window (default value).

wMenuButtonClick (class WMenuButtonClick)
This resource indicates whether a click of the mouse when the pointer is over the window menu button will post and leave posted the system menu.  If the value given this resource is True, then the menu will remain posted.  True is the default value for this resource.

wMenuButtonClick2 (class WMenuButtonClick2)
When this resource is given the default value of True, a double-click action on the window menu button will do an f.kill function.

Client Specific Resources

The syntax for specifying client specific resources is

    Mwm∗client_name_or_class∗resource_id

For example, Mwm∗mterm∗windowMenu is used to specify the window menu to be used with mterm clients. 
  The syntax for specifying client specific resources for all classes of clients is

    Mwm∗resource_id

Specific client specifications take precedence over the specifications for all clients. For example, Mwm∗windowMenu is used to specify the window menu to be used for all classes of clients that don’t have a window menu specified. 
  The syntax for specifying resource values for windows that have an unknown name and class (i.e. the window does not have a WM_CLASS property associated with it) is

    Mwm∗defaults∗resource_id

For example, Mwm∗defaults∗iconImage is used to specify the icon image to be used for windows that have an unknown name and class. 
  The following client specific resources can be specified:
 

Client Specific Resources
Name	Class	Value Type	Default
clientDecoration	ClientDecoration	string	all
clientFunctions	ClientFunctions	string	all
focusAutoRaise	FocusAutoRaise	T/F	T
iconImage	IconImage	pathname	(image)
iconImageBackground	Background	color	icon background
iconImageBottomShadowColor	Foreground	color	icon bottom shadow
iconImageBottomShadowPixmap	BottomShadowPixmap	color	icon bottom shadow pixmap
iconImageForeground	Foreground	color	icon foreground
iconImageTopShadowColor	Background	color	icon top shadow color
iconImageTopShadowPixmap	TopShadowPixmap	color	icon top shadow pixmap
matteBackground	Background	color	background
matteBottomShadowColor	Foreground	color	bottom shadow color
matteBottomShadowPixmap	BottomShadowPixmap	color	bottom shadow pixmap
matteForeground	Foreground	color	foreground
matteTopShadowColor	Background	color	top shadow color
matteTopShadowPixmap	TopShadowPixmap	color	top shadow pixmap
matteWidth	MatteWidth	pixels	0
maximumClientSize	MaximumClientSize	wxh	fill the screen
useClientIcon	UseClientIcon	T/F	F
windowMenu	WindowMenu	string	string

 

clientDecoration (class ClientDecoration)
This resource controls the amount of window frame decoration. The resource is specified as a list of decorations to specify their inclusion in the frame. If a decoration is preceded by a minus sign, then that decoration is excluded from the frame. The sign of the first item in the list determines the initial amount of decoration.  If the sign of the first decoration is minus, then mwm assumes all decorations are present and starts subtracting from that set.  If the sign of the first decoration is plus (or not specified), then mwm starts with no decoration and builds up a list from the resource. 
 

Name	Description
all	Include all decorations (default value).
border	Window border.
maximize	Maximize button (includes title bar).
minimize	Minimize button (includes title bar).
none	No decorations.
resizeh	Border resize handles (includes border).
menu	Window menu button (includes title bar).
title	Title bar (includes border).

Examples:
 
    Mwm∗XClock.clientDecoration: -resizeh -maximize
 
This removes the resize handles and maximize button from XClock windows.
 
    Mwm∗XClock.clientDecoration: menu minimize border
 
This does the same thing as above. Note that either menu or minimize implies title. 

clientFunctions (class ClientFunctions )
This resource is used to indicate which mwm functions are applicable (or not applicable) to the client window.  The value for the resource is a list of functions.  If the first function in the list has a minus sign in front of it, then mwm starts with all functions and subtracts from that set.  If the first function in the list has a plus sign in front of it, then mwm starts with no functions and builds up a list.  Each function in the list must be preceded by the appropriate plus or minus sign and be separated from the next function by a space. 

The table below lists the functions available for this resource:

Name	Description
all	Include all functions (default value)
none	No functions
resize	f.resize
move	f.move
minimize	f.minimize
maximize	f.maximize
close	f.kill

focusAutoRaise (class FocusAutoRaise)
When the value of this resource is True, clients are made completely unobscured when they get the keyboard input focus.  If the value is False,  the stacking of windows on the display is not changed when a window gets the keyboard input focus. The default value is True.

iconImage (class IconImage)
This resource can be used to specify an icon image for a client (e.g., "Mwm∗myclock∗iconImage").  The resource value is a pathname for a bitmap file. The value of the (client specific) useClientIcon resource is used to determine whether or not user supplied icon images are used instead of client supplied icon images. The default value is to display a built-in window manager icon image.

iconImageBackground (class Background)
This resource specifies the background color of the icon image that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default value of this resource is the icon background color (i.e., specified by "Mwm∗background or Mwm∗icon∗background).

iconImageBottomShadowColor (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow color of the icon image that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default value of this resource is the icon bottom shadow color (i.e., specified by Mwm∗icon∗bottomShadowColor).

iconImageBottomShadowPixmap (class BottomShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow Pixmap of the icon image that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default value of this resource is the icon bottom shadow Pixmap (i.e., specified by Mwm∗icon∗bottomShadowPixmap).

iconImageForeground (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the foreground color of the icon image that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default value of this resource is the icon foreground color (i.e., specified by "Mwm∗foreground or Mwm∗icon∗foreground).

iconImageTopShadowColor (class Background)
This resource specifies the top shadow color of the icon image that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default value of this resource is the icon top shadow color (i.e., specified by Mwm∗icon∗topShadowColor).

iconImageTopShadowPixmap (class TopShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the top shadow Pixmap of the icon image that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default value of this resource is the icon top shadow Pixmap (i.e., specified by Mwm∗icon∗topShadowPixmap).

matteBackground (class Background)
This resource specifies the background color of the matte, when matteWidth is positive.  The default value of this resource is the client background color (i.e., specified by "Mwm∗background or Mwm∗client∗background). 

matteBottomShadowColor (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow color of the matte, when matteWidth is positive.  The default value of this resource is the client bottom shadow color (i.e., specified by "Mwm∗bottomShadowColor or Mwm∗client∗bottomShadowColor). 

matteBottomShadowPixmap (class BottomShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow Pixmap of the matte, when matteWidth is positive.  The default value of this resource is the client bottom shadow Pixmap (i.e., specified by "Mwm∗bottomShadowPixmap or Mwm∗client∗bottomShadowPixmap). 

matteForeground (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the foreground color of the matte, when matteWidth is positive.  The default value of this resource is the client foreground color (i.e., specified by "Mwm∗foreground or Mwm∗client∗foreground). 

matteTopShadowColor (class Background)
This resource specifies the top shadow color of the matte, when matteWidth is positive.  The default value of this resource is the client top shadow color (i.e., specified by "Mwm∗topShadowColor or Mwm∗client∗topShadowColor). 

matteTopShadowPixmap (class TopShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the top shadow Pixmap of the matte, when matteWidth is positive.  The default value of this resource is the client top shadow Pixmap (i.e., specified by "Mwm∗topShadowPixmap or Mwm∗client∗topShadowPixmap). 

matteWidth (class MatteWidth)
This resource specifies the width of the optional matte. The default value is 0, which effectively disables the matte.

maximumClientSize (class MaximumClientSize)
This is a size specification that indicates the client size to be used when an application is maximized. The resource value is specified as widthxheight.  The width and height are interpreted in the units that the client uses (e.g., for terminal emulators this is generally characters).  If this resource is not specified then the maximum size from the WM_NORMAL_HINTS property is used if set.  Otherwise the default value is the size where the client window with window management borders fills the screen.  When the maximum client size is not determined by the maximumClientSize resource, the maximumMaximumSize resource value is used as a constraint on the maximum size. 

useClientIcon (class UseClientIcon)
If the value given for this resource is True, then a client supplied icon image will take precedence over a user supplied icon image.  The default value is False, making the user supplied icon image have higher precedence than the client supplied icon image.

windowMenu (class WindowMenu)
This resource indicates the name of the menu pane that is posted when the window menu is popped up (usually by pressing button 1 on the window menu button on the client window frame). Menu panes are specified in the mwm resource description file file.  Window menus can be customized on a client class basis by specifying resources of the form Mwm∗client_name_or_class∗windowMenu (See "Mwm Resource Description File Syntax").  The default value of this resource is the name of the built-in window menu specification. 

RESOURCE DESCRIPTION FILE

The mwm resource description file is a supplementary resource file that contains resource descriptions that are referred to by entries in the defaults files (.Xdefaults, app-defaults/Mwm).  It contains descriptions of resources that are to be used by mwm, and that cannot be easily encoded in the defaults files (a bitmap file is an analogous type of resource description file).  A particular mwm resource description file can be selected using the configFile resource. 
  The following types of resources can be described in the mwm resource description file:
 

Buttons Window manager functions can be bound (associated) with button events. 

Keys Window manager functions can be bound (associated) with key press events. 

Menus Menu panes can be used for the window menu and other menus posted with key bindings and button bindings. 
 

mwm Resource Description File Syntax

The mwm resource description file is a standard text file that contains items of information separated by blanks, tabs, and new lines characters.  Blank lines are ignored.  Items or characters can be quoted to avoid special interpretation (e.g., the comment character can be quoted to prevent it from being interpreted as the comment character).  A quoted item can be contained in double quotes (").  Single characters can be quoted by preceding them by the back-slash character (\).  All text from an unquoted # to the end of the line is regarded as a comment and is not interpreted as part of a resource description.  If ! is the first character in a line, the line is regarded as a comment.  Window manager functions can be accessed with button and key bindings, and with window manager menus.  Functions are indicated as part of the specifications for button and key binding sets, and menu panes.  The function specification has the following syntax:
 

function =	function_name [function_args]
function_name =	window manager function
function_args =	{quoted_item | unquoted_item}

 
The following functions are supported. If a function is specified that isn’t one of the supported functions then it is interpreted by mwm as f.nop. 

f.beep
This function causes a beep.

f.circle_down [icon | window]
This function causes the window or icon that is on the top of the window stack to be put on the bottom of the window stack (so that it is no longer obscuring any other window or icon). This function affects only those windows and icons that are obscuring other windows and icons, or that are obscured by other windows and icons. Secondary windows (i.e. transient windows) are restacked with their associated primary window. Secondary windows always stay on top of the associated primary window and there can be no other primary windows between the secondary windows and their primary window.  If an icon function argument is specified, then the function applies only to icons.  If a window function argument is specified then the function applies only to windows. 

f.circle_up [icon | window]
This function raises the window or icon on the bottom of the window stack (so that it is not obscured by any other windows). This function affects only those windows and icons that are obscuring other windows and icons, or that are obscured by other windows and icons. Secondary windows (i.e. transient windows) are restacked with their associated primary window. If an icon function argument is specified then the function applies only to icons.  If an window function argument is specified then the function applies only to windows. 

f.exec or !
This function causes command to be executed (using the value of the $SHELL environment variable if it is set, otherwise /bin/sh).  The ! notation can be used in place of the f.exec function name. 

f.focus_color
This function sets the colormap focus to a client window. If this function is done in a root context, then the default colormap (setup by the X Window System for the screen where mwm is running) is installed and there is no specific client window colormap focus.  This function is treated as f.nop if colormapFocusPolicy is not explicit. 

f.focus_key
This function sets the keyboard input focus to a client window or icon. This function is treated as f.nop if keyboardFocusPolicy is not explicit or the function is executed in a root context. 

f.killIf the WM_DELETE_WINDOW protocol is set up, the client is sent a client message event indicating that the client window should be deleted.  If the WM_SAVE_YOURSELF protocol is set up and the WM_DELETE_WINDOW protocol is not set up, the client is sent a client message event indicating that the client needs to prepare to be terminated.  If the client does not have the WM_DELETE_WINDOW or WM_SAVE_YOURSELF protocol set up, this function causes a client’s X connection to be terminated (usually resulting in termination of the client).  Refer to the description of the quitTimeout resource and the WM_PROTOCOLS property. 

f.lower [-client]
This function lowers a client window to the bottom of the window stack (where it obscures no other window). Secondary windows (i.e. transient windows) are restacked with their associated primary window. The client argument indicates the name or class of a client to lower.  If the client argument is not specified then the context that the function was invoked in indicates the window or icon to lower. 

f.maximize
This function causes a client window to be displayed with its maximum size.

f.menu
This function associates a cascading (pull-right) menu with a menu pane entry or a menu with a button or key binding. The menu_name function argument identifies the menu to be used. 

f.minimize
This function causes a client window to be minimized (iconified). When a window is minimized when no icon box is used, its icon is placed on the bottom of the window stack (such that it obscures no other window).  If an icon box is used, then the client’s icon changes to its iconified form inside the icon box. Secondary windows (i.e. transient windows) are minimized with their associated primary window. There is only one icon for a primary window and all its secondary windows.

f.move
This function allows a client window to be interactively moved.

f.next_cmap
This function installs the next colormap in the list of colormaps for the window with the colormap focus.

f.next_key [icon | window | transient]
This function sets the keyboard input focus to the next window/icon in the set of windows/icons managed by the window manager (the ordering of this set is based on the stacking of windows on the screen). This function is treated as f.nop if keyboardFocusPolicy is not explicit.  The keyboard input focus is only moved to windows that do not have an associated secondary window that is application modal.  If the transient argument is specified, then transient (secondary) windows are traversed (otherwise, if only window is specified, traversal is done only to the last focused window in a transient group).  If an icon function argument is specified, then the function applies only to icons.  If a window function argument is specified, then the function applies only to windows. 

f.nopThis function does nothing. 

f.normalize
This function causes a client window to be displayed with its normal size. Secondary windows (i.e. transient windows) are placed in their normal state along with their associated primary window.

f.pack_icons
This function is used to relayout icons (based on the layout policy being used) on the root window or in the icon box. In general this causes icons to be "packed" into the icon grid.

f.pass_keys
This function is used to enable/disable (toggle) processing of key bindings for window manager functions.  When it disables key binding processing all keys are passed on to the window with the keyboard input focus and no window manager functions are invoked. If the f.pass_keys function is invoked with a key binding to disable key binding processing the same key binding can be used to enable key binding processing. 

f.post_wmenu
This function is used to post the window menu.  If a key is used to post the window menu and a window menu button is present, the window menu is automatically placed with its top-left corner at the bottom-left corner of the window menu button for the client window.  If no window menu button is present,  the window menu is placed at the top-left corner of the client window.

f.prev_cmap
This function installs the previous colormap in the list of colormaps for the window with the colormap focus.

f.prev_key [icon | window | transient]
This function sets the keyboard input focus to the previous window/icon in the set of windows/icons managed by the window manager (the ordering of this set is based on the stacking of windows on the screen). This function is treated as f.nop if keyboardFocusPolicy is not explicit.  The keyboard input focus is only moved to windows that do not have an associated secondary window that is application modal.  If the transient argument is specified, then transient (secondary) windows are traversed (otherwise, if only window is specified, traversal is done only to the last focused window in a transient group).  If an icon function argument is specified then the function applies only to icons.  If an window function argument is specified then the function applies only to windows. 

f.quit_mwm
This function terminates mwm (but NOT the X window system). 

f.raise [-client]
This function raises a client window to the top of the window stack (where it is obscured by no other window).  Secondary windows (i.e. transient windows) are restacked with their associated primary window. The client argument indicates the name or class of a client to raise.  If the client argument is not specified then the context that the function was invoked in indicates the window or icon to raise. 

f.raise_lower
This function raises a client window to the top of the window stack if it is partially obscured by another window, otherwise it lowers the window to the bottom of the window stack. Secondary windows (i.e. transient windows) are restacked with their associated primary window.

f.refresh
This function causes all windows to be redrawn.

f.refresh_win
This function causes a client window to be redrawn.

f.resize
This function allows a client window to be interactively resized.

f.restart
This function causes mwm to be restarted (effectively terminated and re-executed). 

f.send_msg message_number
This function sends a client message of the type _MOTIF_WM_MESSAGES with the message_type indicated by the message_number function argument.  The client message will only be sent if message_number is included in the client’s _MOTIF_WM_MESSAGES property.  A menu item label is grayed out if the menu item is used to do f.send_msg of a message that is not included in the client’s _MOTIF_WM_MESSAGES property. 

f.separator
This function causes a menu separator to be put in the menu pane at the specified location (the label is ignored).

f.set_behavior
This function causes the window manager to restart with the default OSF behavior (if a custom behavior is configured) or a custom behavior (if an OSF default behavior is configured).

f.titleThis function inserts a title in the menu pane at the specified location. 

Each function may be constrained as to which resource types can specify the function (e.g., menu pane) and also what context the function can be used in (e.g., the function is done to the selected client window).  Function contexts are

 

root No client window or icon has been selected as an object for the function. 

window A client window has been selected as an object for the function.  This includes the window’s title bar and frame.  Some functions are applied only when the window is in its normalized state (e.g., f.maximize) or its maximized state (e.g., f.normalize). 

icon An icon has been selected as an object for the function. 

If a function is specified in a type of resource where it is not supported or is invoked in a context that does not apply then the function is treated as f.nop.  The following table indicates the resource types and function contexts in which window manager functions apply. 
 

Function	Contexts	Resources
f.beep	root,icon,window	button,key,menu
f.circle_down	root,icon,window	button,key,menu
f.circle_up	root,icon,window	button,key,menu
f.exec	root,icon,window	button,key,menu
f.focus_color	root,icon,window	button,key,menu
f.focus_key	root,icon,window	button,key,menu
f.kill	icon,window	button,key,menu
f.lower	root,icon,window	button,key,menu
f.maximize	icon,window(normal)	button,key,menu
f.menu	root,icon,window	button,key,menu
f.minimize	window	button,key,menu
f.move	icon,window	button,key,menu
f.next_cmap	root,icon,window	button,key,menu
f.next_key	root,icon,window	button,key,menu
f.nop	root,icon,window	button,key,menu
f.normalize	icon,window(maximized)	button,key,menu
f.pack_icons	root,icon,window	button,key,menu
f.pass_keys	root,icon,window	button,key,menu
f.post_wmenu	root,icon,window	button,key
f.prev_cmap	root,icon,window	button,key,menu
f.prev_key	root,icon,window	button,key,menu
f.quit_mwm	root	button,key,menu
f.raise	root,icon,window	button,key,menu
f.raise_lower	icon,window	button,key,menu
f.refresh	root,icon,window	button,key,menu
f.refresh_win	window	button,key,menu
f.resize	window	button,key,menu
f.restart	root	button,key,menu
f.send_msg	icon,window	button,key,menu
f.separator	root,icon,window	menu
f.set_behavior	root,icon,window	button,key,menu
f.title	root,icon,window	menu

 

Window Manager Event Specification

Events are indicated as part of the specifications for button and key binding sets, and menu panes. 

Button events have the following syntax:

button =	[modifier_list]<button_event_name>
modifier_list =	modifier_name {modifier_name}

All modifiers specified are interpreted as being exclusive (this means that only the specified modifiers can be present when the button event occurs).  The following table indicates the values that can be used for modifier_name.  The [Alt] key is frequently labeled [Extend] or [Meta].  Alt and Meta can be used interchangeably in event specification. 

Modifier	Description
Ctrl	Control Key
Shift	Shift Key
Alt	Alt/Meta Key
Meta	Meta/Alt Key
Lock	Lock Key
Mod1	Modifier1
Mod2	Modifier2
Mod3	Modifier3
Mod4	Modifier4
Mod5	Modifier5

The following table indicates the values that can be used for button_event_name. 

Button	Description
Btn1Down	Button 1 Press
Btn1Up	Button 1 Release
Btn1Click	Button 1 Press and Release
Btn1Click2	Button 1 Double Click
Btn2Down	Button 2 Press
Btn2Up	Button 2 Release
Btn2Click	Button 2 Press and Release
Btn2Click2	Button 2 Double Click
Btn3Down	Button 3 Press
Btn3Up	Button 3 Release
Btn3Click	Button 3 Press and Release
Btn3Click2	Button 3 Double Click
Btn4Down	Button 4 Press
Btn4Up	Button 4 Release
Btn4Click	Button 4 Press and Release
Btn4Click2	Button 4 Double Click
Btn5Down	Button 5 Press
Btn5Up	Button 5 Release
Btn5Click	Button 5 Press and Release
Btn5Click2	Button 5 Double Click

Key events that are used by the window manager for menu mnemonics and for binding to window manager functions are single key presses; key releases are ignored.  Key events have the following syntax:

key =	[modifier_list]<Key>key_name
modifier_list =	modifier_name {modifier_name}

All modifiers specified are interpreted as being exclusive (this means that only the specified modifiers can be present when the key event occurs).  Modifiers for keys are the same as those that apply to buttons.  The key_name is an X11 keysym name.  Keysym names can be found in the keysymdef.h file (remove the XK_ prefix). 

Button Bindings

The buttonBindings resource value is the name of a set of button bindings that are used to configure window manager behavior.  A window manager function can be done when a button press  occurs with the pointer over a framed client window, an icon or the root window.  The context for indicating where the button press applies is also the context for invoking the window manager function when the button press is done (significant for functions that are context sensitive). 

The button binding syntax is

Buttons bindings_set_name
{
    button    context    function
    button    context    function
                         .
                         .
    button    context    function
}

The syntax for the context specification is
 

context =	object[|context]
object =	root | icon | window | title | frame | border | app

 
The context specification indicates where the pointer must be for the button binding to be effective. For example, a context of window indicates that the pointer must be over a client window or window management frame for the button binding to be effective.  The frame context is for the window management frame around a client window (including the border and titlebar), the border context is for the border part of the window management frame (not including the titlebar), the title context is for the title area of the window management frame, and the app context is for the application window (not including the window management frame). 
 
If an f.nop function is specified for a button binding, the button binding will not be done. 

Key Bindings

The keyBindings resource value is the name of a set of key bindings that are used to configure window manager behavior.  A window manager function can be done when a particular key is pressed.  The context in which the key binding applies is indicated in the key binding specification.  The valid contexts are the same as those that apply to button bindings. 
  The key binding syntax is

Keys bindings_set_name
{
    key    context    function
    key    context    function
                .
                .
    key    context    function
}

If an f.nop function is specified for a key binding, the key binding will not be done.  If an f.post_wmenu or f.menu function is bound to a key, mwm will automatically use the same key for removing the menu from the screen after it has been popped up. 
 
The context specification syntax is the same as for button bindings.  For key bindings, the frame, title, border, and app contexts are equivalent to the window context.  The context for a key event is the window or icon that has the keyboard input focus (root if no window or icon has the keyboard input focus). 

Menu Panes

Menus can be popped up using the f.post_wmenu and f.menu window manager functions.  The context for window manager functions that are done from a menu is root, icon or window depending on how the menu was popped up.  In the case of the window menu or menus popped up with a key binding, the location of the keyboard input focus indicates the context.  For menus popped up using a button binding, the context of the button binding is the context of the menu. 
  The menu pane specification syntax is

Menu menu_name
{
    label  [mnemonic]  [accelerator]   function
    label  [mnemonic]  [accelerator]   function
                .
                .
    label  [mnemonic]  [accelerator]   function
}

Each line in the Menu specification identifies the label for a menu item and the function to be done if the menu item is selected.  Optionally a menu button mnemonic and a menu button keyboard accelerator may be specified.  Mnemonics are functional only when the menu is posted and keyboard traversal applies. 

The label may be a string or a bitmap file.  The label specification has the following syntax:
 

label =	text | bitmap_file
bitmap_file =	@file_name
text =	quoted_item | unquoted_item

  The string encoding for labels must be compatible with the menu font that is used.  Labels are greyed out for menu items that do the f.nop function or an invalid function or a function that doesn’t apply in the current context. 
 
A mnemonic specification has the following syntax

mnemonic =

_character

The first matching character in the label is underlined.  If there is no matching character in the label, no mnemonic is registered with the window manager for that label.  Although the character must exactly match a character in the label, the mnemonic will not execute if any modifier (such as Shift) is pressed with the character key. 

The accelerator specification is a key event specification with the same syntax as is used for key bindings to window manager functions. 

ENVIRONMENT

mwm uses the environment variable $HOME specifying the user’s home directory. 

FILES

 /usr/lib/X11/system.mwmrc
 /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Mwm
 $HOME/.Xdefaults
 $HOME/.mwmrc

WARNINGS

When other applications are started from mwm using the f.exec function these applications belong to the same process group as mwm.  In general killing mwm will also kill the client applications started from it; in particular if mwm is started from xsm(1) changing window managers from the xsm client window will cause all the clients started from mwm to terminate. 

COPYRIGHT

(c) Copyright 1989 by Open Software Foundation, Inc. 
(c) Copyright 1987, 1988, 1989 by Hewlett-Packard Company
All rights reserved.

ORIGIN

HP

RELATED INFORMATION

X(1)
VendorShell(3X)
XmInstallImage(3X)

7th Edition